女子400m栏速度变化特征及影响因素分析  

Research on the Factors Influencing the Speed of 400m-Hurdle Women Athletes

作　　者：李宏图[1] 戴勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学体育部,四川成都610031 [2]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2013年第5期79-83,共5页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

摘　　要：运用数理统计法对世界优秀女子400 m栏运动员的时间和速度参数进行相关分析,探求其合理时间特征和速度变化规律。研究表明:起跑至第1栏的速度与冲刺阶段的速度呈高度显著负相关,起跑阶段的过度加速是造成冲刺乏力的重要原因之一;栏间最大速度与保持较快速度的能力、栏间速度的平稳性、栏间速度最大下降率、栏间最大速度利用率等因素之间具有"此消彼长"的关系;合理控制起跑加速阶段的速度和栏间最大速度,保持全程速度节奏的平稳性是充分发挥自身速度水平的重要技术因素;栏间步频的变化与其他重要栏间速度指标具有高度显著性相关,栏间步频的变化是影响栏间速度变化的主导因素;维持步频的能力是保持全程栏间速度节奏的重要因素。Using mathematical statistics, the paper analyzes the time and speed parameters of the world elite women 400m hurdle athletes to explore the law of the time features and speed changes. The research indicates that the speed from star to the first hurdle and the speed of the home stretch demonstrate a significant negative correlation and the ex- cessive acceleration during the start period constitutes one of the reasons of the hypodynamic sprint. There is a kind of shifting relationship between the maximum speed, the ability to maintain the maximum speed, the stability of speed, the biggest decrease rate of speed and the utilization rate of the maximum speed between hurdles, one of the important technique factors to give a full play to the speed level is to reasonably control the maximum speed during the acceleration period and the maximum speed between hurdles, and to maintain the stability of the speed rhythm during the whole course. There is correlation between the changes of stride frequency and other important speed indexes between hurdles. The changes of stride is he main factor influencing the changes of the speed between hurdles while the ability to maintain stride frequency serves as an important factor to maintain overall speed between hurdles.

关 键 词：女子 400 m栏 栏间时间 栏间速度 速度利用率 

分 类 号：G822.6[文化科学—体育训练]