淮河流域未发育完整城镇体系的历史和地理原因  

The Geographical and Historical Factors Disrupting Urban Development in the Huaihe River Basin of China

作　　者：陈彦光[1] 刘明华[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]信阳师范学院城市与环境科学学院,河南信阳464000 [3]信阳师范学院淮河文明研究中心,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《信阳师范学院学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期259-264,共6页Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河南省政府决策研究招标课题(2012B597);河南省教育厅科技研究重点项目(12A170007)

摘　　要：中国的城镇体系与江河流域形成了较好的对应关系,但淮河流域是一个例外——淮河流域从古到今似乎从未形成完整的城镇体系.一个解释是,由于黄河与淮河水系的相互作用,破坏了淮河流域城镇体系发育的自然条件(天灾论点).作者通过历史资料分析,提出另外一种解释:对于农业社会而言,城镇体系的发展需要漫长的时间,但由于极权政治导致的体制固有缺陷,中国历史演化很难维持百年以上的和平.淮河流域之所以没有发育成完整的城镇体系,主要原因是战争的破坏作用(人祸论点),而不是黄河泛淮.淮河水系是中国南北的自然和人文地理分界线,在政治地理和军事地理方面都具有非常重要的战略地位.由于历史上各种政治势力的南征北伐常常扫荡淮河流域,城镇体系在此地无法平稳地发育成型.It was discoveried that there are clear corresponding relationships between systems of cities and the drainage basins of the main China＇ s rivers. However, there is an exception to this regularity. That is, no system of cit- ies and towns developed in the Huaihe River basin in history. A viewpoint ascribed this phenomenon to the Yellow Riv- er, which overflowed its banks into the Huaihe River valley and destroyed the cities and towns distributed within this drainage area. In this paper, another explanation is put forward. Based on the analyses of historical materials, a hy- pothesis is proposed that it was the wars happened once and again which restrained the development of cities and town in the Huaihe River valley. In ancient times, China often was split into several parts which were dominated by different powers, and then Huaihe River always became the frontiers and battlefronts. In this case, the settlements were wrecked again and again so that no sets of cities and towns could round into an urban system in this region. The significance of this study is that it is revealing for geographers to understand the urban evolution of China in the long history. What is more, it is useful for the scholars to research the military geography of China in the perspective of history.

关 键 词：城镇体系 淮河水系 人地对称性 军事地理 

分 类 号：K901.8[历史地理—人文地理学]