人员疏散中聚集行为的理论研究  

Theoretical Study on Assembling Behavior during Occupant Evacuation

作　　者：赵道亮[1] 王小群[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术学院城市建设与安全工程学院,上海201418

出　　处：《上海应用技术学院学报（自然科学版）》2013年第1期12-16,共5页Journal of Shanghai Institute of Technology: Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51006072);上海市教委;上海市教育发展基金会"晨光计划"项目(09CG64);安全技术及工程学科建设(1020Q110010);安全工程专业教学团队(1020T101033)

摘　　要：疏散过程中人员的个体行为对疏散路线的选择、疏散时间以及疏散效率有着重大影响。个体行为相当复杂,而从众心理和聚集行为则是人员疏散中普遍存在的现象。阿米巴菌在周围出现食物时,会分泌出一种诱饵物质,随着这种诱饵物质的扩散和积累,阿米巴菌会朝着诱饵物质浓度高的地方移动,形成高效的捕食线路,从而形成最终的聚集状态。用阿米巴菌的"趋化效应"造成的聚集类比人类在公共场所由于从众心理发生的聚集行为,提出非紧急条件下人员做无规则扩散运动的"游动性"参数,以及紧急条件下反应聚集行为的"趋药性"参数。建立了人员密度和信息素密度的普遍平衡方程,通过微扰分析得到发生聚集行为的判据。Evacuation route choice,evacuation time and efficiency are all greatly affected by individual behavior during evacuation process. Individual behavior is very complex, and the psychology of going with the crowd and the assembling behavior are very familiar in real life. Ameba excretes a kind of bait when there is food around it. Ameba moves toward the area of high concentration of bait,which diffuses and accumulates in a dynamic state, then prey routes of high efficiency will be formed resulting in an assembling state. The chemotaxis of Ameba was used to describe the phenomenon of assembling behavior caused by the psychology of going with the crowd in occupant evacuation. The ＂motility＂ parameter reflecting ruleless diffuse activity in non-emergency state and the ＂chemotaxis＂ parameter reflecting assembling activity in emergency state were put forward. The general equilibrium equation was established with the density of occupants and information elements. The criterion on the beginning of assembling behavior was obtained by perturbation analysis.

关 键 词：聚集行为 从众心理 人员疏散 趋化效应 火灾 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]