湖北西凉湖野菱群落α-多样性特征  

α-diversity characteristics of Trapa incisa community at Xiliang Lake of Hubei Province

作　　者：董元火[1] 雷刚[1] 王贵雄 

机构地区：[1]江汉大学生命科学学院,武汉430056 [2]黄梅县第一中学,湖北黄冈430200

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2013年第3期381-384,共4页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170341);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2011CDB001);武汉市科技计划项目(201150699189-02)

摘　　要：【目的】对湖北省西凉湖的野菱种群及其群落基本特征进行研究，为野菱保护策略的制定、开发利用以及湖泊生态恢复提供依据。【方法】采用样方法和α－多样性指数研究西凉湖野菱种群和群落基本特征。【结果】野菱在西凉湖分布较少，未发现以野菱为主的野菱群丛。野菱种群面积为2000～2200 m2，野菱频度为50%，盖度约10%，多度等级为1级（少）。与野菱相伴生的物种主要有10科11属12种，多度、盖度最大均为菰（Zizania caduciflora），最小均为槐叶苹（Salvinia natans）。在湖中间菰为主要优势种。野菱群落群丛名为菰—浮萍—金鱼藻。α－多样性指数分析显示，野菱群落Simpson指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H′）和Pielou均匀度指数（J）分别为0. 795、2.504和1.008。【结论】过度养殖是导致湖北省西凉湖野菱种群面积减少和群落物种多样性降低的重要原因。【Objective】The main goal of the present study was to investigate population and community characteristics of Trapa incisa at Xiliang Lake of Hubei Province in order to provide basic data for effective conservation and utilization of T. incisa and ecological restoration of lake. 【Method】Population and community characteristics of the endangered aquatic T. incisa at Xiliang Lake in Hubei Province were surveyed using quadrat method and α-diversity index. 【Result】There was less distribution of T. incisa at Xiliang Lake without any T. incisa association. Trapa incisa dispersed in Xiliang Lake in area of about 2000-2200 m2, with frequentness of 50%, cover degree of approximately 10% and first abundance grade （rare）. There were 12 plant species belonging to 10 families and 11 genera in the community, in which, Zizania caduciflora showed the highest abundance grade and cover degree, while Salvinia natans showed the lowest, Zizania caduciflora was the dominant species in the middle of Xiliang Lake. The Trapa incisa community association was called Zizania caduciflora- Lemna minor- Ceratophyllum demersum Ass., and the α-diversity index analysis results revealed that its Simpson index（D）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H′）, and Pielou Evenness index （J） were 0. 795, 2.504, and 1.008, respectively, which indicated low levels of species diversity at the T. incisa community. 【Conclusion】Excessive culture was an important cause of the reduction in T. incisa population area and species diversity.

关 键 词：野菱 种群 群落 α-多样性 西凉湖 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]