要素配置扭曲与企业全要素生产率增长  

Distortion in Factors Allocation and Total Factor Productivity Growth of Enterprises

作　　者：李静[1] 彭飞[1] 毛德凤[2] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学经济学院,合肥230601 [2]合肥工业大学管理学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《西部论坛》2013年第3期42-53,共12页West Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71103057);安徽省自然科学基金项目(11040606Q29)

摘　　要：运用1998—2007年我国工业企业微观数据,测算资本、劳动配置扭曲指数及企业个体、总体扭曲指数,分析企业要素配置扭曲对企业全要素生产率(TFP)的影响,并检验要素配置扭曲的主要来源,结果表明:资本配置扭曲指数基本呈上升态势,劳动配置扭曲指数基本保持不变,总体企业扭曲指数略有上升;制造业的要素配置扭曲指数高于其他工业行业,国有、集体企业的要素配置扭曲比其他企业严重,东部地区要素配置扭曲指数高于中西部;如企业能够有效消除要素配置扭曲,则工业企业总体TFP可提高25.56%,东、中、西部地区可分别提高27.34%、20.65%和27.21%,国有与集体企业的潜在TFP增长空间明显高于非公有制属性的企业;资本劳动比提高和规模扩大是企业要素配置扭曲的主要来源,而出口密度、补贴密度、企业年龄、外资因素能够显著缓解企业要素配置扭曲程度。The micro data of China's industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007 are used to measure allocation distortion index of capital and labor and the distortion index of individual enterprise and overall distortion index,the influence of enterprise factor allocation distortion on the total factor productivity(TFP) of enterprises is analyzed,and the main sources of factors' allocation distortion are tested.The results show that the capital allocation distortion indices show rising trends,that labor allocation distortion index keeps stable,but the overall enterprise distortion index is a little rising,that factor allocation distortion index of manufacturing industry is higher than that of other industries,that factor allocation distortion of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises is more serious than other enterprises,that factor allocation distortion index in the east part of China is higher than that of middle and west part of China,that if the enterprises can effectively wipe out factor allocation distortion,the TFP of industrial enterprises will raise 25.56%,and the TFP in east,middle and west part of China will raise 27.34%,20.56% and 27.21% respectively,that the potential TFP growth space of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises is obviously higher than non-public-owned enterprises,that the main sources of enterprise factor allocation distortion are the raising of the ratio of capital to labor and scale enlargement,and that export density,subsidy density,enterprise age and foreign capital can significantly mitigate the degree of enterprise factor allocation distortion.

关 键 词：要素配置扭曲 全要素生产率 要素配置效率 要素市场 要素流动 资本配置扭曲指数 劳动配置扭曲指数 企业要素配置扭曲指数 TFP 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济] F425