随机需求下企业采购外包的风险与博弈分析  

The Game Analysis of Procurement Outsourcing and its Risks with Stochastic Demand

作　　者：王勇[1] 胡飞飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2013年第2期115-122,共8页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71272085;71201027;70872123)

摘　　要：企业将具有随机需求的报童商品的订购管理外包给第三方物流公司(3PL),使3PL和企业共同分摊不确定风险,3PL在管理企业物流活动的同时成为企业风险的分担者。这种合作方式无疑会对企业和3PL的决策产生重要影响。本文结合现有文献关于3PL在企业管理的作用,从数学模型上刻画3PL管理报童产品订购对企业、3PL的决策和绩效的影响。通过模型求解,本文得到了3PL最优订购量、企业最优销售价格和最优的损失分担比例满足的条件,不仅如此,通过对比3PL管理订购和企业管理订购的数学模型,本文发现在一定的损失分担比例和委托费用的前提下,3PL管理订购能够给企业和3PL带来更多的收益,而且风险越大3PL管理订购的利益就越突出。Logistics has drawn much attention from enterprises and scholars because it is a major source of company profit. Although logistics outsourcing has become an important strategy for companies to lower costs and achieve competitive advantages, the problem of ordering newsvendor products creates demand uncertainty and causes challenges in business management. If a company outsources its order management of newsvendor products to the third party logistics （3PL）, the risk brought by uncertainty demand would be shared between the firm and 3PL. When outsourcing order management, the firm outsources part of operational risks to 3PL. Furthermore, 3PL is not only the agent of a company＇ s logistic activities but also a sharer of risks. Such kind of cooperation will definitely change the performance of participators. To analyze these changes, we develop the profit models for the situation that 3PL manages orders for the retailer. We analyze the impact of risk changes and the proportion of loss allocation on the profit of the retailer and 3PL. The results show that risk has a negative role in increasing the total profit while the proportion of loss allocation＇ s impact on the total profit is uncertain. When the proportion of loss allocation is too low, 3PL could not play the risk-sharing role. But when the proportion is too high, the optimal order quantity will decrease heavily and both of the retailer and its 3PL will lose money. Thus, only when the proportion of loss allocation changes in a proper range, the interests of cooperation can be achieved. Comparing with the profit of the company and 3PL when the retailer manages its order decision, we find that there is a problem that 3PL may not be compensated for the risk it shares if the commission which the retailer pays to 3PL is very little. Therefore, the commission has a role to adjust the profit of each other so that every participator will be compensated for sharing the risk. Although their profit is affected by the proportion of loss allocation and the amount

关 键 词：第三方物流(3PL) 报童商品 随机需求 订购外包 

分 类 号：F253[经济管理—国民经济]