关键链多项目调度中分散式能力约束缓冲设置法  

Setting Distributed Capacity Constraint Buffer in Critical Chain Multi-Project Scheduling

作　　者：别黎[1] 崔南方[1] 赵雁[1] 张小明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2013年第2期148-153,共6页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

摘　　要：能力约束缓冲的设置问题是关键链多项目管理法的核心问题,对成功执行关键链多项目调度非常重要。本文考虑了使用"鼓资源活动之间存在间隙的特点,分析了集中设置能力约束缓冲方法的不足之处,提出了分散式能力约束缓冲设置法。该法阐述了能力约束缓冲在"鼓"计划中的配置位置和大小。然后通过数据实验将该法与集中式能力约束缓冲设置法进行了比较,结果表明:集中式能力约束缓冲会产生过大或者过小的缓冲,而分散式能力约束缓冲设置法能针对不同的"鼓"计划设置合适的缓冲大小。特别当"鼓"活动间隙靠近最后一个"鼓"活动时,分散式设置法能提供更短的项目群计划完工期,同时得到与集中式设置法一样的按时完工率,以及较低的缓冲超出概率。The Critical Chain Project Management （ CCPM）, based on Goldratt＇ s Theory of Constraints （TOC）, has been a popular and effective approach to understanding project management. The mechanism of this theory is based on the risk-sharing concept. CCPM tries to eliminate the impact of student syndrome and Parkinson＇ s Law, protect team members from interruption and multi-tasking, shift task measurements from on time task completion to on-time project completion, and reduce the number of works in process. The procedure of critical chainmulti-project scheduling is provided to solve the negative effect of multi-tasking and uncertain factors in a multi-project environment. Capacity constraint buffer （CCB） is a time interval between two projects in a sequence to prevent any negative variability in accomplishing the drum tasks in one project from impacting the start of drum tasks in another project. How to set CCB and how much CCB to set are two remaining issues. The current literature suggests that CCB should be placed before the first use of the drum resource in the latter project and its size is equal to the sum of the safety of all drum activities, which neglects the effect of drum activities space and its location in drum schedule on the buffer size. The centralized capacity constraint buffer allocation method provided by Bie and Cui （2011） considers the effect of the sizes of drum activities space without considering the effect of their locations in drum schedule. Several project examples are provided to show that even though the sum of drum activities space in drum schedule is fixed they may produce different protection effect because of the difference of their location in drum schedule. This centralized buffer allocation method can＇ t generate the adaptive buffer size. Based on the characteristics of drum activities space and the defect of the centralized capacity constraint buffer allocation methods used in some projects, we propose a method of setting distributed capacity constraint buffer

关 键 词：多项目调度 能力约束缓冲 缓冲设置 

分 类 号：F253.4[经济管理—国民经济]