渭河流域水环境质量评价与分析  

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS FOR THE WEI RIVER BASIN

作　　者：武玮[1] 徐宗学[1] 于松延[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期275-281,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279005)

摘　　要：以渭河流域为研究对象,调查并分析了全流域73个点位的水质指标,选择溶解氧含量(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)作为主要评价因子,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和综合水质标志指数法分别评价渭河流域的水环境质量.结果表明,渭河流域枯水期水质明显优于丰水期,说明非点源污染对流域水环境质量影响最大.总氮、总磷是渭河流域水环境的主要污染因子,流域农业农药化肥和畜禽养殖等产生的非点源污染是导致其超标的主要原因.从流域空间分布来看,3条河流水环境质量的空间差异性较大,其中渭河的水质情况最差,泾河和北洛河水质相对较好.渭河南岸支流水质最好,北岸支流次之,干流水质最差,其中以关中地区干流水质污染最为严重.本研究结果为流域水污染治理和水环境质量改善提供数据支持,具有一定的参考价值和理论指导意义.In this study, water quality in the Wei River basin was assessed with single-factor assessment, comprehensive pollution index and comprehensive water quality identification index, all based on water quality factors at 73 sampling sites in the basin. DO （dissolved oxygen）, CODMn （permanganate index）, NH3-N （ammonia nitrogen）, TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） were chosen as the primary assessment factors. Data showed that water quality in wet seasons was worse than in dry seasons, indicating that non-point pollution contributed more to water quality in the Wei River basin. TN, TP were the primary pollution factors, coming from fertilizers, pesticides, livestock and poultry farming. Water quality showed great spatial discrimination among the three rivers, of which the Wei River was the worst. In the Wei River, water quality in southern tributaries was the best, whereas that in the main stem was the worst, especially in the Guanzhong district. Water quality assessment was helpful to understand pollution situation, and it will be a great reference for pollution management and water quality improvement in the Wei River basin.

关 键 词：渭河 水环境质量 评价因子 综合水质标志指数 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]