衡量政府绩效的信任范式和效率范式——对地方政府领导和决策的启示  

The Trust versus Efficiency Paradigms for Measuring Performance:Some Implications for Local Government Leadership and Decision Making

作　　者：道格拉斯.摩根 李一男[2] 魏宁宁[3] 

机构地区：[1]美国波特兰州立大学,美国俄勒冈州97201 [2]兰州大学管理学院 [3]西北民族大学管理学院

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2013年第2期117-125,143,共9页Journal of Public Management

摘　　要：在学术层面和实践层面,关于如何衡量政府治理和行政工作成功与否,长期以来仍存在争论。信任范式主张通过随时间演进的公共价值和公民需要来衡量政府绩效,而效率范式则以对结果的测量为中心,认为政府行政管理的质量比其形式更重要,将公共管理者当作政策执行的工具和被动代理人,受到民选领导者的政治性和政策性驱使。本文提出,衡量政府绩效的"效率范式"在世界各地的地方政府层面都是不可持续的。首先,本文通过最新的应用性学术研究成果和正在进行的行政改革实践来支持这样一个结论,即地方政府管理者所处的情境必然要求其在价值认定、促生和仲裁环节扮演积极代理人的角色。其次,本文广泛引用多个相关领域的学术研究成果,对这一观点进行了理论解释,论证地方政府采纳以价值为中心的公共行政路径的理论必要性。最后,本文总结了可用于协助地方政府行政人员开展以价值为中心的公共行政路径的战略,以及激励基于价值的治理、领导和行政方法的战略。Despite there is something new and innovative that has been occurring in public administration over the last several decades,on the academical and practical aspects there are still two opposing views about how to measure the success of governance and administrative work.The 'Trust Paradigm' argues that government performance has to be measured against the values and character of its people as these evolve over time.While the 'Efficiency Paradigm' puts importance on measurement for outcomes,argues that the forms of government matter less than the quality with which they are administered,and assumes that administrators are instruments of execution and measurement,politically and policy-driven by elected leaders as passive agents.This article argues that the 'Efficiency Paradigm' is not sustainable at local levels of government around the world.This argument is developed in three parts.In the first part,the article draws on several bodies of current research and transformations occurring in administrative practice to support the conclusion that local government administrators are necessarily required by their circumstances to be active agents in identifying,facilitating and arbitrating values.The second part of the article draws on a variety of theories to explain why this role is necessary.The final part of the article summarizes strategies that can be used to assist local government administrators in undertaking a value-centered approach to public administration as well as strategies for incentivizing a valuebased approach to governance,leadership and administration.

关 键 词：地方政府 绩效 公共价值 治理 公共行政 

分 类 号：C931.2[经济管理—管理学]