出土文献与先秦自然宇宙观重审  

Unearthed Literature and a Reexamination of the Pre-Qin Natural Cosmology

作　　者：王中江[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2013年第5期67-85,205-206,共19页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：2011年度国家社科基金重大项目"出土简帛文献与古代中国哲学新发现综合研究"(批准号:11&ZD086)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：由于出土简帛提供了重要的相关文献,因此结合传世文献重新认识古代中国的自然宇宙观的起源和基本形态不仅变得可能,而且迫切需要。古代中国的自然宇宙观在早期道家思想中就诞生了。作为宇宙生成论,它既描述了宇宙的原初状态,也提供了丰富多彩的宇宙生成模式;它对万物本性及其多样性的解释,是在"道"与"物"、"朴"与"器"、"一"与"多"、"道"与"德"等关系中展开的,"道"与"德"的关系只是其中之一;它以道"无为"和万物"自然"这一思维架构来说明宇宙和万物的良好秩序,可以从"道"的"弱作用力"和万物的"自然性"这一侧面加以重新把握;它以宇宙秩序来建立人间秩序的圣人"无为"和百姓"自然"观念,由于引入了"一"、"法律"、"人情"等观念而导出了一种成熟的政治哲学。凡此种种,不仅充分说明了中国自然宇宙观的兴起,而且也表明它还是一套有着内在系统理路的自然宇宙观及人间观。Silk and bamboo excavations can offer important insights on ancient Chinese natural cosmology. Thus it is necessary for us to combine these excavations with the existing literature to reexamine the origin and basic forms of ancient Chinese natural cosmology. Ancient Chinese natural cosmology began to appear in the early Taoist ideas. As a cosmogony, it describes the primitive state of the cosmos and provides different modes of cosmic generation; its interpretation of the essence of all things and their diversity are manifested in a series of relationships between 'Tao' and 'things,' 'unwrought material' and 'vessel,' 'one' and 'many,' and 'tao' and 'morality'; it uses the ideological structure of nonaction (wuwei) of Tao and 'naturalness' (ziran) of all things to explain the good order of the cosmos and all things; it uses the cosmic order to establish the world order characterized by 'nonaction' of sages and 'naturalness' of common people. All these demonstrate Chinese natural cosmology is a natural cosmology and world view with inherent systemic operations.

关 键 词：出土简帛 自然宇宙观 宇宙生成论 人间观 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K22[历史地理—历史学]