科技考古视野下的商王朝锡料来源与“金道锡行”  

The Source of Tin and the “Copper-tin Road” of the Shang Dynasty in the Perspective of Archaeometry

作　　者：易德生[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北社会科学院楚文化研究所,助理研究员武汉430077

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2013年第5期162-184,208,共23页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：铅同位素考古显示商朝众多的青铜器含异常铅。尝试用异常铅来追溯锡铅(锡铅铜)多金属矿,从而来追溯锡料产地是一条新的思路。江西或湖南的某些锡铅(锡铅铜)多金属矿含异常铅,显示两地与商朝的青铜矿料之间可能有密切联系。在排除中原地区有开采价值的锡矿之后,从铅同位素考古、历史矿产地理和考古学文化角度看,商王朝出土铜器所需锡料可能主要来自江西或湖南。商王朝的青铜原料运输路线可能有两条:一是北线,主要由中条山铜矿区(如垣曲一带)直接提供铜料;二是南线,主要从长江中游地区运输锡料及部分铜料,这可能就是远距离的、商王朝所谓的"金道锡行"。Lead isotopic archaeology reveals that many bronze vessels of the Shang dynasty contain anomalous lead. This offers a new perspective on the source of tin by using anomalous lead to trace tin-lead (tin-lead-copper) mineral deposits. Some tin-lead (tin-lead-copper) deposits in Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces contain anomalous lead, suggesting possible close ties between them and the bronze minerals of the Shang dynasty. When the possibility of valuable tin deposits in the Central Plains is excluded, we can infer from the perspectives of lead isotopic archaeology, historical mining geography and archaeological culture that the tin minerals necessary for excavated bronze wares of the Shang dynasty may have come from Jiangxi or Hunan Province. There were probably two transportation routes for the Shang bronze minerals. The first route was the northern line, with copper minerals directly coming from the copper ore district of Zhongtiao Mountains (e.g. the Yuanqu area). The other was the southern route, with tin minerals and some copper minerals coming from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. These may be the so-called long 'copper-tin road' of the Shang dynasty.

关 键 词：商王朝 铅同位素考古 锡铅(锡铅铜)多金属矿 金道锡行 

分 类 号：K223[历史地理—历史学] TG146.12[历史地理—中国史]