有机肥对稻田土壤磷素潜在环境风险的影响  

Potential environmental risk of phosphorus in paddy soil as affected by organic fertilizer

作　　者：尹岩[1] 梁成华[1] 杜立宇[1] 周佚群[1] 吴岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第2期11-16,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：辽宁省农业厅项目

摘　　要：采用灭菌和非灭菌相结合的室内淹水培养方法,在施用有机肥后,测定土壤及水层磷含量动态变化特征,以探明有机肥对稻田土壤磷素潜在环境风险的影响。结果表明:两处理土壤速效磷(Olsen-P)、水溶性磷(CaCl2-P)含量均随有机肥施用量增加而显著升高;水层总磷(TP)浓度与土壤Olsen-P(r=0.957**)、CaCl2-P(r=0.871**)含量呈显著正相关关系。水稻土施用有机肥后,土壤磷素有效性提高,磷素潜在环境风险增强,在6～18 d达到高峰,磷素流失潜能最大。低量施用有机肥(0.5%、1%)时,磷素环境风险增强主要由于有机酸对磷素的活化作用;高量施用有机肥(2.5%、5%)时,主要由于有机质对磷素的活化作用,两者作用比例分别为35%～50%、50%～65%。This article has been prepared to determine the effect of organic fertilizer on potential environmental risk of phos- phorus in paddy soil. Dynamic change characteristics of Olsen-P, CaC12-P and TP content were analyzed by the method of waterlogged incubation with non-sterilized and non-sterilized comparative treatments. The results showed that the amounts of Olsen-P, CaC12-P increased with the amount of organic fertilizer applied. As expected, a highly significant positive correla- tion between TP content and Olsen-P （ r = 0. 957 ＊＊ ） , TP content and CaC12-P （ r = 0. 871 ＊＊ ） were observed. After apply- ing the manure, the effectiveness of phosphorus in paddy soil was improved, and the potential environmental risk of P was magnified. It was found that the peak of Olsen-P, CaC12-P and TP content were reached at 6 ~ 18 d, at the same time the desorbable capacity of soil P from soil to water were enhanced. The result that the mechanism of manure on potential envi- ronmental risk of P was due to the activation of organic acid and organic matter was related to the amount of manure. On the basis of comparative analysis, it was concluded that the organic acid was leading factor on potential environmental risk of P in paddy soil with the manure amount of 0. 5% and 1% , and organic matter was major factor with manure amount of 2. 5% and 5%. It was indicated that the effect proportion of organic acid and organic matter on potential environmental risk of P in paddy soil was 35% - 50% and 50% -65%.

关 键 词：磷 水稻土 猪粪 环境风险 有机质 有机酸 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]