文心兰矿质营养特性的初步研究  

A preliminary study on mineral nutrition characteristic of Oncidium

作　　者：许杰[1] 左裕 林建明[1] 邵晶 闵锋 胡飞 林电[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学农学院,海南海口570288 [2]海南文昌琼岛农业开发有限责任公司,海南文昌571300 [3]海南省三亚市育才镇人民政府,海南三亚572000 [4]海南聚昌实业有限公司,海南海口570208

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第2期51-56,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：海南大学热带作物遗传育种与生态保育创新人才培养基金研究生科研项目(YJS-2011-0215);海南省重点项目"文心兰高产栽培综合技术示范"项目(ZDXM20120512)

摘　　要：为了探明文心兰的矿质营养特性,以文心兰(Oncidium Gower Ramsey‘Gold 3’)为试材,通过2009～2011年定期对各生育阶段兰株进行跟踪取样调查,初步研究了植株不同器官干物质积累及其对矿质元素吸收、分配特性。结果表明,兰株总干物质量为苗期2.42 g/株,初花期15.04 g/株,盛花期50.57 g/株,叶片所占比例最大。其中,兰株对钾的需求量较大,各时期叶片K的分配率最高,N、Ca主要分配在叶片,P、Mg和S主要分配在叶片与假鳞茎。苗期N、P、K比例为:1∶0.41∶1.57,初花期N、P、K比例为:1∶0.27∶1.45,盛花期N、P、K比例为:1∶0.31∶1.62。生产一枝花平均需要干物质4.18 g,养分N 89.76、P 10.91、K 70.44、Ca 8.33、Mg 7.43、S 7.31 mg。In order to investigate the mineral nutrition characteristic of Oncidium, a detailed observation on each growth pe- riods was done during 2009 -2011. The accumulation, absorption and distribution characteristics of dry biomass and miner- al elements in different organs of Oncidium Gower Ramsey ＇ Gold 3＇ were studied. The results showed that the total dry bio- mass of Oncidium were 2. 42 g/plant in seedling stage, 15.04 g/plant in initial bloom and 50. 57 g/plant in bloom stage, the largest proporation were leaves. Great demand of potassium （K） in Oncidium Gower Ramsey ＇ Gold 3＇ which had the highest distribution of potassium （K） in leaves each stage. The calcium （Ca） and nitrogen （N） were highest in the leaves. The phosphorus （P） and magnesium （Mg） and sulphur （S） were highest in leaves and pseudobulbs followed by potassium. The N： P： K absorption ratio was 1 ： 0. 41：1.57 in seedling stage, 1 ： 0. 27：1.45 in initial bloom and 1 ： 0. 31 ： 1.62 in bloom stage. To attain a flower, orchid must uptake 4. 18 g dry matter, N 89.76, P 10. 91, K 70. 44, Ca 8.33, Mg7.43, andS7.31 mg.

关 键 词：文心兰 营养特性 积累与分配 矿质元素 施肥 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]