无土栽培基质水分特性参数研究  

Water Retention Parameters of Soilless-culture Substrates

作　　者：甘露[1] 范海燕[2] 吴文勇[2] 刘洪禄[2] 马福生[2] 牛勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]北京市水利科学研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第5期113-118,142,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：农业部948计划资助项目(2012-G33-03);北京市重大科技攻关项目(Z111100056811035)

摘　　要：选用设施无土栽培常用8种基质,试验测定其孔隙度、渗透系数、水分特性曲线、扩散率等水分特性参数,分析得到:基质的水分扩散率与基质含水率之间的关系都符合经验公式D(θ)=aebθ,呈指数函数变化,且决定系数较高;基质的导水性用扩散率来表示,得到珍珠岩和蛭石的供水速度快,但不利于保水,降低了灌水效率。综合分析8种基质得到,除珍珠岩、蛭石外,其他6种基质总孔隙度均在70%～90%之间,水气比均在2.0～4.0之间,均可作为育苗和栽培基质;采用矩阵法综合评价,得出以国产草炭与珍珠岩质量比2∶1,国产草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩质量比3∶1∶1为基质时最优。Eight kinds of substrates were used in the experiment of the soilless culture. The water retention parameters, such as porosity, coefficient of permeability, water retention curve and diffusivity were measured. It was obtained that water diffusivity and water content of substrates conformed to empirical formula D （0） = ae^bθ and showed the variability of exponential function and high correlation coefficient. The perlite and vermiculite had high speed of water supply, hut low water retaining capacity and irrigation efficiency. The total porosity of other six suhstrates except for perlite and vermiculite varied from 70% to 90% , and their water-air ratios were between 2.0 -4.0. Therefore, they could be used as seedling and culture substrates. Based on the comprehensive matrix analysis, the result showed that the optimal ratio of peat and perlite was 2： 1, and that of peat, vermiculite and perlite was 3： 1： 1.

关 键 词：无土栽培 基质 孔隙度 渗透系数 水分特性曲线 水平扩散率 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] S317[农业科学—农业工程]