GPS测站多路径效应建模研究  

Studies of modeling multipath effect at GPS station

作　　者：李国伟[1] 郭金运[1,2] 原永东[1] 杨磊[1] 王方建[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘学院,山东青岛266510 [2]海岛(礁)测绘技术国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,山东青岛266510 [3]山东省地震局,济南250014

出　　处：《测绘科学》2013年第3期7-9,21,共4页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40974004;40974016);国家高技术研究发展计划(2009AA121405);现代工程测量国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室基金(TJES1101);山东科技大学科研创新团队支持计划和研究生科技创新基金(YCA110203)

摘　　要：GPS伪距观测量由于不存在周跳和整周模糊度的问题,可用来实现动态导航定位,但受到多路径效应影响较为严重,定位精度较低。本文以BJFS站为例,计算了伪距多路径效应,首次大量采用单历元数据,以球谐函数的形式建立了伪距多路径效应、高度角和方位角间的函数模型。建模过程中用截断奇异值分解方法解决了单历元数据引起的的病态问题,求得了模型的最小二乘解。在伪距观测数据中加入模型计算的伪距多路径效应改正,用Bernese软件的动态单点定位功能进行伪距单点定位。对BJFS站的伪距动态定位结果进行统计分析,结果表明单点定位精度得到了改善。Cycle slips and integer ambiguities are not presented in the GPS pseudorange observations, which is suitable for the ki- nematic positioning and navigation. But the accuracy of the navigation and positioning is seriously degraded because of the influence of the pseudorange multipath effect. In this paper, the single-epoch pseudorange muhipath effect at the BJFS station was calculated, and modeled with the satellite azimuth and elevation using the spherical harmonics. The ill-posed problems caused by single-epoch data in the spherical harmonics calculation were solved using a truncated singular value decomposition（TSVD）. Correcting pseudorange obser- vations with the pseudorange multipath effect calculated by the model, the kinematic coordinates of the BJFS station was calculated u- sing the Bemese GPS software. The result showed that the positioning accuracy could be improved with the kinematic point positioning technique.

关 键 词：GPS 多路径效应 球谐函数 动态单点定位 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]