不同果园礼泉短富和丽嘎啦连续结果能力比较  

Comparison of Continuous Fruit-bearing Ability of Liquan Fuji and Regal Gala in Different Orchads

作　　者：杨伟伟[1] 陈锡龙[1] 罗文文[1] 韩明玉[1] 张满让[1] 赵彩平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第2期119-125,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28);科技部国家成果转化项目(2011GB23600009);陕西省苹果重大创新项目(2011KTZB02-02)

摘　　要：在高纺锤形/M26(矮化园)、小冠疏层形/秦冠(乔化园)的果园,分别以礼泉短富、丽嘎啦为试材,探讨两品种在不同树形、砧木组合情况下的枝类组成、不同芽萌发成花比例、连续结果能力等。结果表明,礼泉短富比丽嘎啦有更高的营养短枝比,长枝比例低,同一品种矮化园较乔化园有更高的营养短枝比及较低果台副梢比;礼泉短富顶芽成花率小于丽嘎啦而侧芽成花率大于丽嘎啦;礼泉短富再成花率显著高于丽嘎啦而新生成花率低于丽嘎啦,果园对再成花率(β)与新生成花率(ψ)的影响不显著;矮化园相比乔化园显著提高萌发芽分化为花芽及隐芽的比例,使生理过程有利于优势芽萌发、成花;对于礼泉短富,矮化园显著提升其隐芽比例、成花率、萌发芽成花率、隐芽成花率及连续结果能力,丽嘎啦则只有隐芽及侧芽成花有所改善。研究表明,礼泉短富及丽嘎啦的成花效率在矮化园显著提高,尤其礼泉短富连续结果能力显著提高,同时应加强矮化礼泉短富侧芽及隐芽管理。连续结果能力可以作为苹果品种及树形评判的量化指标。Choosing two cultivars of Liquan Fuji and Regal Gala in two canopy/ with Tall Spindle/M26 （Dwarf orchad） and Free Spindle canopy/Qinguan（Vigo rootstock combinations rous orchard） orchards seperately to study the distribution of different shoot types, ratio of budbreaking and flowering and the ability of regular bearing. The result showed that：Liquan Fuji had more vegetative short shoot and less long shoot than vigorous orchard. Dwarf orchard had higher ratio of vegetative short shoot and lower bourse shoot than vigorous orchard. For Liquan Fuji, the ratio of terminal buds differentia- ted into flower bud were significantly lower than Regal Gala while the ratio of lateral buds to flower highter than Regal Gala. Bourse-over-bourse（13） in Liquan Fuji was highter and trend toward flower- ing（q2） was lower than Regal Gala. Tree orchard had no significantly effect on ~ and qJ. In dwarf or- chard, there were more differentiated terminal and lateral buds to flower or latent obviously, made the physiological process helpful for preponderant bud to break and flowering. Especially for Liquan Fuji, in dwarf orchad significantly enhanced the ratio of latent bud, flowering ratio, breaking bud to flower- ing, latent bud to flowering and the ability of regular bearing, while the Regal Gala just enhanced the ratio of latent and lateral bud to flowering. To sum up,dwarf orchard significantly improved the efficiency of flowering for Fuji and Regal Gala; especially the bourse-over-bourse and trend toward flow- ering of Liquan Fuji was enhanced significantly, and the latent and lateral bud of Liquan Fuji should managed better. Bourse-over-bourse and trend toward flowering can be a quantitative index for evalua tion of cultivar and tree canopy for apple.

关 键 词：苹果 萌芽率 成花率 连续结果 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]