半干旱地区煤矿开采生态影响评价模型构建与应用  

A Quantitative Model for Ecological Impact Assessment of Coal Mining in Semi-arid Areas

作　　者：钱者东[1] 王智[1] 秦卫华[1] 蒋明康[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第5期1059-1065,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(编号:2012BAC01B08);环境保护部专项:"全国自然保护区基础调查与评价";江苏省社科基金项目(编号:11ZXC011)

摘　　要：随着我国煤炭开采的重心向西北地区转移,资源开发与环境保护的矛盾日益突出。本文根据煤矿开采特点与半干旱地区环境特征,从矿井开采强度、生态敏感程度两个方面将煤矿开采的非污染生态影响分为土地占用、地面沉陷、地下水位变化、自然背景条件4个子系统,选取13项量化指标并确定其权重,构建了煤矿开采生态影响评价模型,系统提出了半干旱地区煤矿开采生态影响程度定量评价的方法。以神木大保当煤矿为例,验证了该评价模型的可操作性并提出相关建议。In China＇s energy structure, coal occupies an extremely important position. At present, coal resources easily exploited in eastern China have nearly dried up and the center of coal mining has shifted to northwest China. Northwest China is arid and semi-arid with a dry climate, scarce water, poor vegetation, and serious soil erosion and desertiflcation. As coal mining moved to the northwest, contradictions between resource receiving more attention. Here, we studied the development and environmental protection are ecological impacts from coal mining and construct a coal mining ecological impact assessment model for semi-arid areas. We divided the ecological impact of coal mining into four subsystems： land use, land subsidence, groundwater level change, and natural background, and selected 13 quantitative indicators. Dabaodang coal, Shenmu county, Shaanxi was chosen as the focal site and for model testing. The results showed that serious impact regions account for 8% of the total area. The minimal impact region was 34% of the total area and located in northern and western areas. Mitigation measures are clearly needed that limit mining and restore vegetation. Our recommendations include restricting the mining height and coordinating coal mining, reducing the height of the upstream water flowing fractured zone, and guaranteeing minimum security impermeable distance. Following construction, vegetation should be restored with appropriate native plants.

关 键 词：半干旱地区 煤矿开采 生态影响评价 模型 陕西神木县 

分 类 号：TD821[矿业工程—煤矿开采] X820.3[矿业工程—矿山开采]