基于GIS技术及层次分析法的长江上游生态敏感性研究  

ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY IN THE UPPER CHANGJIANG RIVER WITH GIS TECHNOLOGY AND HIERARCHY ANALYSIS METHOD

作　　者：李德旺[1,2] 李红清[1] 雷晓琴[1] 雷明军[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2013年第5期633-639,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200901007)"长江上游水电开发的生态制约及适应性研究"

摘　　要：选择在大尺度范围的长江上游开展生态敏感性研究,为长江上游水电开发的水资源保护及管理提供技术支撑及科学依据。在系统、翔实的辨识和分析长江上游区重要生境和生态敏感区的基础上,采用GIS技术与层次分析法结合的方式,筛选、识别和构建了生态敏感度评价指标体系,构建了敏感度的计算方法和综合评价方法,从而将属性数据库和空间图形数据库相关联,生成基于各评价单元生态敏感性专题评价成果图,从而揭示长江上游生态敏感性空间格局,为开展长江上游水电开发生态制约因素分析提供理论基础。研究表明:长江上游不敏感区、轻度敏感区、中度敏感区、高度敏感区和极度敏感区分别占长江上游总面积的74.14%、6.76%、8.25%、4.93%和5.93%。金沙江流域是长江上游区生态敏感性最高区域,其次是长江上游干流区和赤水河流域;长江流域生态敏感区重点分布于上游区,长江上游干支流水资源利用中需重视对各类生态敏感区的生态保护。The ecological sensitivity in the upper Changjiang River over large scales was studied in this paper to provide technical support and scientific basis for the water resources protection and management of the water power development in the upper Changjiang River. On the basis of identifying and analysis of major habitats and ecological sensitive areas in the upper Changjiang River,ecological sensitivity evaluation index system was selected,identified and established with GIS technology and hierarchy analysis method, to determine the classification standard of ecological sensitivities. And the correlated calculation method and comprehensive evaluation method were established to generate the evaluation map for each single ecological evaluation unit through combining the characteristic data base with spatial image data base. It could reveal the spatial distribution of ecological sensitivities in the upper Changjiang River and provide theoretical foundation for the analysis of the ecological restrictions for the water power development in the upper Changjiang River. The study revealed that the non-sensitive area,light sensitive area,medium sensitive area,high sensitive area and extreme sensitive area in the upper Changjiang River accounted for 74.1%, 6.76% ,8.25% ,4.93% and 5.93% of the total acreage of the whole area respectively. The Jinshajiang River Basin was the highest sensitive in the upper area,and the next were the main stream area and the Chishui River Basin. The ecological sensitive areas were mainly distributed in the upper basin. Attention should be paid to the ecological protection of the ecological sensitive areas of all levels in the utilization of the water resources of the main stream of the Upper Changjiang River.

关 键 词：GIS 生态敏感区 指标体系 敏感度 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]