济南冬春季室内空气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics and health risk assessment of indoor PM_(2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in winter and spring in Jinan

作　　者：孟川平[1] 杨凌霄 董灿[1] 鄢超[1] 袁琦[1] 姚兰[1] 杨飞[1] 王文兴[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境研究院,济南250100 [2]山东大学环境科学与工程学院,济南250100 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境化学》2013年第5期719-725,共7页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：科技部环保公益性行业科研专项(201009001-1);山东自主创新项目(2009TS024);山东省中青年科学家奖励基金(BS2010HZ010)资助

摘　　要：2010年冬春季,在济南典型室内环境(超市、办公室和餐厅)采集了PM2.5样品,并对其多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,采样期间办公室的PAHs平均浓度最高,为93.11 ng.m-3,超市和餐厅的PAHs平均浓度分别为42.97 ng.m-3和26.65 ng.m-3.超市和办公室的多环芳烃均以室外源(燃煤)为主,吸烟导致办公室轻环多环芳烃浓度升高,高于室外相应物种的浓度,餐厅的轻环多环芳烃和重环多环芳烃分别来源于室内烹饪和室外的机动车尾气.与室外相比,超市和办公室PAHs中的菲(Phe)和苯并[b+k]荧蒽(BbkF)占总PAHs的比例较高,达到10%—15%,这与冬季室内使用中央空调取暖密不可分.超市、办公室和餐厅的毒性当量浓度值(BEQ)分别为7.05 ng.m-3、10.75 ng.m-3和0.75 ng.m-3.其中办公室的毒性当量浓度高于我国规定10 ng.m-3.超市,办公室和餐厅的PAHs暴露致终身肺癌风险度分别为0.6×10-3、0.9×10-3和6.5×10-5,均超过了世界卫生组织的建议值(10-5),超市和办公室的终身致癌健康风险高于美国最高法院规定的10-3的显著水平,说明生活在超市和办公室致癌风险高.PM2.5 samples from of three typical indoor environment （super market,office and canteen） in Jinan were collected during winter and summer of 2010. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） on PM25 were analyzed. The results show that the mean concentration of particle-bound PAHs in the samples from the super market is the highest （93.11 ng·m-3）. The mean concentration of particle-bound PAHs in the samples from the office and canteen was 42.97 ng·m -3 and 26.65 ng·m-3, respectively. PAHs in super market and office both mainly came from outdoor air （ the emission of burning coal）. PAHs from smoking contributed to the rise of the concentration of light-ring PAHs in office, which were higher than those in outdoor. The light-ring PAHs and heavy-ring PAHs in canteen came from indoor cooking and the emission of vehicle exhaust, respectively. Compared with outdoor, Phe, BbF and BkF had a higher percentage in the composition of PAHs in the super market and office, which reached 10%--15%. It was related to the use of air-conditioners for heating. The BEQ values in the super market, office and canteen were 7.05 ng. m - 3,10.75 ng·m -3 and 0.75 ng·m -3 The BEQ value in office was higher than the standard （10 ng·m-3） in China. Lifetime lung cancer risks for PAH exposure in super market, office and canteen were 0.6×10^-3 ,0.9×10 -3and 6.5×10^-5, which were all higher than the recommendation （ 10^-5 ） by World Health Organization. Lifetime lung cancer risks for PAH exposure in super market and office were higher than the remarkable level （ 10^-3 ） ruled by American Federal Court. The results indicated that people would have the risk of lung cancer if spending long time in supermarket and office.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 室内空气 室外空气 健康风险 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4