低覆盖度行带式固沙林对土壤及植被的修复效应  

The effect of low-covered sand-fixing forest belts on restoration of the soil and vegetation

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 杨文斌[1] 卢琦[1] 姚云峰[2] 蔺瑞岚[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010019 [3]国家林业局西北林业规划设计院,西安710048

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第10期3192-3204,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971283和30360089);国家"十一五"科技攻关项目(2006BAD26B04;2007BAD46B07和2007BAC03A10)

摘　　要：在我国干旱、半干旱地区由于水分条件的制约,经过漫长的自然演替过程,逐步发育形成了广泛分布的低覆盖度植被,这些低覆盖度植被类型中存在大量的天然乔木疏林或稀疏灌丛,地表处于半流动状态,而配置成行带式后,能够完全固定流沙,并且不同配置模式下行带式固沙林土壤与植被自然恢复程度不同。因此,通过对不同带宽的低覆盖度行带式固沙林对土壤及植被修复的影响研究,揭示了不同带宽行带式固沙林带间土壤因子与植被因子的变化过程,从而阐明行带式固沙林对带间植被自然恢复和土壤发育的促进作用。结果表明,行带式杨树固沙林能够明显的促进带间土壤与植被修复;带间距离的宽窄影响植被恢复及土壤发育效果;宽带间距固沙林带间植被多样性指数高,地上生物量大,根系生物量,总长度及表面积均高,土壤水分养分条件好,微生物数量大植物残体分解快,有利于植被的生长;模糊综合评估结果表明,不同带间距行带式固沙林土壤植被恢复程度不同,宽带间距20m的恢复效果>带间距15m>带间距10m。行带式固沙林通过带间宽度的变化可以调节植被与土壤之间的相互作用,窄带间距固沙林土壤与植被的相互作用则由于造林密度大而受到抑制。宽带间距可以明显加快土壤及植被修复的速度,进而缩短土壤及植被修复的时间。Low-covered vegetation is one of typical vegetation patterns in arid and semi-arid areas of China through a long term nature succession. These vegetation types consist of a lot natural sparse woodland and shrubbery, the sandland is under semi-shifting and semi-fixing. However, we found that at low vegetation coverage, the horizontal distribution pattern of trees and shrubs can have marked effects on fixation of shifting sands, and different horizontal distribution patterns have the different restoration degrees of the soil and vegetation. In this paper, for clarify impacts of low-covered sand fixing forest belts on natural vegetation restoration and soil development, the variation and rule of soil nutrients and vegetation with different distribution patterns were researched in Aohan, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The characteristics of community and structure, the physical and chemical characteristics of soil, the amount of soil microbes in different distribution patterns were investigated. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed with the principal components, the canonical correlation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, which obtain coefficient of different recovery scale. Results show： Beltscheme ofpopulus sand fixing forest could improve the interband vegetation and soil rehabilitation effectively; vegetation and soil rehabilitation depend on distance between neighboring belts, and interval distances of neighboring belts can adjust the effect between the vegetation and soil, due to sand-fixation forest planting of narrow spacing with a higher density would inhibited this effect. In wide distance scheme forest, the silt and clay content of soil significantly increased ; the soil coarse particle content and bulk density were significantly decreased, soil moisture content was increased; the soil nutrient content was higher in wide distance between the belts than in narrow distance between the belts, and the pH of wide distance between the belts is more closer to the zonal soil. The total number of m

关 键 词：低覆盖度 行带式固沙林 带间距 自然恢复 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]