稀土矿物的综合利用和化学性能  

Comprehensive utilization and chemical properties of rare earth mineral

作　　者：江永宏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国地质调查局发展研究中心情报室,北京100037

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2013年第1期1-7,共7页Mineral Resources and Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40073012);国家重点基础研究发展规划(G1998040800);国土资源大调查(199910200264;20001020223023;200313000068-02)项目资助

摘　　要：文章介绍了稀土矿物的化学性能和综合利用情况,稀土矿区的矿石和围岩中稀土元素总体特征非常相似,说明围岩和矿石中稀土元素特征是基本一致的。形成于裂陷盆地初期的硅质岩,比古华南残留洋盆和扬子陆块边缘的硅质岩轻稀土元素更加富集;构造拉张期形成的硅质岩为热液成因硅质岩,其稀土配分模式显示出轻稀土相对亏损、Eu正异常特征;构造稳定期形成的硅质岩为沉积成因硅质岩,稀土配分模式显示出轻稀土相对富集、Eu弱负异常征。我国稀土矿产主要集中在华北区的内蒙古白云鄂博铁-铌、稀土矿区,其稀土储量占全国稀土总储量的90%以上,是我国轻稀土主要生产基地。在钢铁冶炼中添加稀土或碱土金属元素使镁基体中形成若干具有耐热性能的金属间化合物,抑制晶界滑移和位错,从而提高钢材的耐热性能。固溶于钢铁中的稀土可提高钢材抗高温氧化性,抑制再结晶、细化晶粒、抑制表面活性元素在晶界的偏析,提高钢材综合机械性能。This paper introduces comprehensive utilization and chemical properties of rare earth mineral. The overall characteristics of rare earth elements （REEs） in rocks and wall rocks inside rare earth area are rather similar with each other, therefore REEs in rocks and wall rocks are basically consistent. Light rare earth ele- ments （LREEs） in Silicalite that formed in faulted basin is more concentrated than LREEs in silicalite that formed in ancient South-China remnant ocean basin and on the fringe of Yangtze block. Silicalite that formed in tectonic extension phase is silicalite of hydrothermal origin, and its rare earth assemblage model shows relatively depleted light rare earth and positive Eu anomaly~ Silicalite that formed in tectonic stability phase is silicalite of sedimentary origin, and its rare earth assemblage model shows relatively concentrated light rare earth and weak negative Eu anomaly. The rare earth mineral products mainly occur in Bayan Obo Fe-Nb rare earth mining area. The area is one of the primary production bases of rare earth in China and its reserve of the rare earth accounts for over 90M of the total reserve of rare earth in China. Rare earth or alkaline-earth metal elements can be added in the steel smelting in order to produce several heat-resisting intermetallic com- pounds inside the magnesium matrix and inhibit grain boundary glide and dislocation, thus it can improve the heat-resistance of steel products. Rare earth dissolved in steel can improve its high-temperature oxidation re- sistance, inhibit recrystallization, refine crystalline grain and inhibit aliquation of surface active elements ongrain boundary, thus it can improve the comprehensive mechanical performance of the steel.

关 键 词：稀土矿床 化学热处理 钢材 白云鄂博 中国 

分 类 号：P618.7[天文地球—矿床学]