高温和密度效应对棉蚜死亡和繁殖的影响  

Effects of temperature and density on the mortality and reproduction of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii.

作　　者：高桂珍[1,2,3] 吕昭智[1] 夏德萍[1] 孙平[1] 马吉宏[1] 徐养诚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第5期1300-1304,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(sqj2011010);国家国际科技合作专项(2011DFA33170);院地合作项目(XBXJ2011029)资助

摘　　要：在室内采用叶子圆片培养基饲养棉蚜的方法,研究不同温度(32、34、36、38、40℃)和密度(每皿5、25、50、75)对棉蚜死亡和繁殖的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高、密度和持续天数的增加,棉蚜累计死亡率呈上升趋势.互补重对数模型模拟结果表明:β值随着密度的增加而减小,说明随着棉蚜密度的增加,温度对棉蚜的作用减弱;不同持续天数的γ_j值不同,说明棉蚜条件死亡率受温度和作用时间的共同影响.双因素方差分析结果表明,温度和密度显著影响棉蚜的繁殖率,且存在交互作用.32～36℃范围内,棉蚜繁殖率随密度的增加呈降低趋势,40℃条件下,不同密度棉蚜繁殖率没有差异,说明随着温度的升高,密度对棉蚜的作用逐渐减弱.即在不同的温度区间和密度范围内,温度和密度对棉蚜的作用大小、主次发生了改变.研究结果为棉蚜种群监测、预警和改进害虫控制方法提供了科学依据.A laboratory cotton leaf disc experiment was conducted to study the effects of different temperature （32, 34, 36, 38, and 40 ℃ ） and density （5, 25, 50, and 75 individuals per dish） on the mortality and reproduction of Aphis gossypii. With the increase of temperature, density, and culture duration, the cumulative mortal!ty of A. gossypii presented an increasing trend. The parame- ters estimated by complementary log-log （CLL） model showed that the/3 value decreased with the increase of density, indicating that the effects of temperature weakened with increasing density. The yj value, a parameter for the time effect of temperature, changed with culture duration, indicating that the morality of A. gossypii was co-affected by the temperature and culture duration. The two- way ANOVA analysis of variance showed that temperature and density had significant effects on the fecundity of A. gossypii, and there existed interactive effect. At 32-36 ℃, the reproduction rate of A. gossypii decreased with the increase of density, but at 40 ℃, no significant difference was ob- served in the reproduction rate under different densities, suggesting that the density effect was weak- ened with increasing temperature, i. e. , the contribution of temperature and density to the survival and reproduction of individual varied with the ranges of the temperature and density. This study could provide reference for the monitoring and forecasting of A. gossypii population and for the im- provement of pests control. Key words： Aphis gossypii; high temperature stress; density effect; cumulative mortality; complementary log-log （CLL） model; reproduction rate.

关 键 词：棉蚜 高温胁迫 密度效应 累计死亡率 互补重对数模型 繁殖率 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]