水氮处理对冬小麦生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of watering and nitrogen fertilization on the growth,grain yield,and water-and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat.

作　　者：栗丽[1] 洪坚平[1] 王宏庭[2] 谢英荷[1] 张璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第5期1367-1373,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2013013104);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(201229)资助

摘　　要：采用完全随机裂区设计,研究不同灌水(0、900、1200、1500 m^3·hm^(-2))和施氮(0、90、150、210、270 kg·hm^(-2))处理对田间冬小麦生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响.结果表明:冬小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收量、氮肥利用效率和氮肥生产效率均随灌水量的增加而增加;氮肥利用效率和生产效率均随施氮量的增加而降低;施氮量在0～150 kg·hm^(-2)时,冬小麦籽粒产量、氮吸收量和氮收获指数随施氮量增加而增加,超过150 kg·hm^(-2)时不再显著增加;随灌水量的增加,冬小麦耗水量和整体水分利用效率增加,降水和土壤供水量占耗水量的比例及灌溉水利用效率降低;随施氮量的增加,降水和灌水量占耗水量的比例降低,土壤供水占耗水量的比例增加,整体水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率先增加后降低,且均在施氮150、210和270kg·hm^(-2)处理间无显著差异.综合考虑各因素,本试验条件下,生育期灌水1500 m^3·hm^(-2)、施氮150 kg·hm^(-2)的处理为产量和效益兼优的最佳水氮组合.A field experiment with split-plot design was conducted to study the effects of watering, nitrogen fertilization, and their interactions on the growth, grain yield, and water-and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Four watering levels （0, 900, 1200, and 1500 m3 · hm-2 ） in main plots and five nitrogen fertilization levels （0, 90, 150, 210, and 270 kg N · hm-2） in sub-plots were designed. The results showed that the grain yield, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficien- cy, and nitrogen productive efficiency of winter wheat increased with increasing level of watering, but the nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen productive efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization level. The grain yield, nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen harvest index were increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization level when the nitrogen application rate was 0-150 kg N · hm-2, but not further increased significantly when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 150 kg · hm-2. With the increasing level of watering, the water consumption amount （WCA） and the total water use efficiency increased, while the proportion of precipitation and soil water supply to WCA as well as the irrigation water use efficiency decreased. With the increasing level of nitrogen fertilization, the proportion of precipitation and watering amount to WCA increased, that of soil wa- ter supply to WCA decreased, and the total water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency decreased after an initial increase, with no significant differences among the treatments of 150, 210, and 270 kg N · hm-2. It was considered that under our experimental condition, 1500 3 m ·hm-2 of watering amount plus 150 kg · hm-2 of nitrogen fertilization could be the optimal com- bination for the high yielding and high efficiency.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌水 氮 产量 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]