基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编体系研究与实践  

The Research and Practice of Intelligent Generalization System of Multi-scale Topographic Maps Based on Spatial Information Source

作　　者：张必胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭市勘测设计院,湖南湘潭411100

出　　处：《地理信息世界》2013年第2期45-51,共7页Geomatics World

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2010-S6-4)资助;国家测绘地理信息局2010年数字湘潭地理空间框架建设推广计划项目(2010年22号)资助;湖南省自然科学基金项目(12JJ9023)资助

摘　　要：各种比例尺地形图担负着不同的社会、经济职能,多尺度地形图生产和建库,是基础地理信息系统建设的重要内容,也是信息库建设的重点和难点。以往获得较小比例尺地形图成果,一是按照尺度划分规则分别测绘,二是采用制图综合软件逐级梯度缩编,无论哪种方法都存在着效率低、时间长、更新困难、质量因人而异的缺陷。研究采用新的技术方法,基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编,借助空间信息数据库的整体性、适应性、拓展性、算法先进性和超强分析能力,运用空间信息拓扑关系,建立基本比例尺图形数据库,在信息数据库中智能化完成梯级比例尺缩编、跨比例尺缩编及任意比例尺缩编,自动建立相应比例尺图形数据库,同时保障多尺度图形数据库及时更新和维护,克服传统方法测制与缩编各级比例尺地形图的弊端,保障系列比例尺地形图与基本比例尺图形数据库的一致性、实时性,满足各层次、各行业用图需求,方便快速建立城市DSM地表模型和空间真三维地理模型。该方法具有成本低、速度快、精度高、通用性强、按需供图的特点和优势。湘潭市数字城市工程实践证明:基于基础信息源数据进行地形图智能化缩编的体系、架构、理论和方法是可行的,且具有广泛的社会推广应用价值。Abstract： The production and database building of multi-scale maps are an important and a difficult part of GIS database building. In the past, maps of small scales could be obtained mainly through stepped generalization of large-scaled maps by using digital map generalizing software, which was characterized by low-efficiency, timeconsuming, difficult upgrading and unstandardized quality. This paper aims at a research on how to establish spatial topological relationships, build database for maps of fundamental scales,accomplish intelligent generalization of adjacent-scaled maps, nonadjacent-scaled maps and randomly-scaled maps. The proposed method can quickly establish database of maps of various corresponding scales and guarantee timely data updating and maintaining of multi-scaled map database. The method can overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods and ensure the consistency and real time of the database, and satisfy the needs from all professions and of all levels. The method can also facilitate the building of urban DSM and three dimensional real models. Xiantan Digital City Project proves the feasibility and social value of GISidMAPR system, framework, theory and method proposed by this research.

关 键 词：地图制图技术 空间数据库智能化缩编地形图系统GISidMAP 空间信息源 缩编规则库 特征编码库 级联缩编 智能化纠错 自动转换DSM模型 图元要素水印 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TP18[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]