优秀击剑运动员技术动作修正优势的事件相关电位特点  

The Advantage of Elite Fencers in Movement Correction:An Event-related Potentials Study

作　　者：王碧野[1] 周成林[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2013年第4期307-312,336,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171004);上海市科委2011年度"创新行动计划"部分地方院校能力建设计划项目(11510503100)

摘　　要：目的:研究击剑运动员动作修正过程的优势,探索与该优势有关的认知过程特征及可能的神经机制。方法:采用专家-新手研究范式,运用事件相关电位(ERP)技术对10名男子击剑运动员和对照组的动作修正过程进行研究。实验任务为用感应笔控制电脑屏幕上的光标移动至目标区域,目标区域的位置可能在运动中发生改变,随之被试需要对动作进行修正。结果:(1)在动作修正任务中,运动员组所耗时间及未命中目标次数均显著少于对照组(P<0.05);(2)任务开始阶段,两组被试P1和N1成分的潜伏期均无显著差别,运动员组P2成分的潜伏期显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。运动员组N1成分的波幅显著大于对照组(P<0.05),P1(P<0.001)和P2成分的波幅(P<0.05)均显著小于对照组;(3)动作修正阶段,两组被试N2和P3成分的潜伏期无显著差别,运动员组N2和P3成分的波幅显著小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:优秀击剑运动员修正过程更加快速和准确,在进行目标知觉过程中认知资源的分配机制更高效,运用更少的心理资源完成动作监控和更新内部动作模型的过程。Objective This study was designed to investigate the fencers＇ expertise in movement correction. Methods Behavioral data and event-related potentials （ERPs） were recorded from fencing experts （n = 10） and controls （n = 10） while they were completing an aiming task through following a moving cursor pointing to a target in a screen manually controlled by a tester. Results Compared with controls,fencers completed the movement correction task with significantly less time （P 〈 0.05） and higher accuracy（P 〈 0.05）. At the initial stage ,the P1 ,N1 and P2 components were evoked. The N2 and P3 components were evoked when participants corrected their movement. The peak amplitudes of N2 and P3 of fencers were lower than that of controls （P 〈 0.05） ,and the peak amplitude of N1 was higher in fencers （P 〈 0.05）. The latency of P2 in fencers was longer （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in latency of other components between the controls and fencers. Conclusion Fencing experts correct their movement faster and more accurately with higher efficacy in cognitive processing.

关 键 词：击剑 ERP 动作修正 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]