学龄前儿童迟发性听力损失筛查研究  

Screening for Delayed-onset Hearing Loss in Preschool Children

作　　者：吕静荣[1,2] 黄治物[1,2,3] 马衍[1,2] 李蕴[1,2,3] 梅玲[1,2,3] 杨涛[1,2,3] 向明亮[1,2] 柴永川[1,2] 李晓华[1,2] 李磊[1,2] 吴皓[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,上海200092 [2]上海交通大学医学院耳科学研究所 [3]上海市儿童听力障碍诊治中心

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2013年第3期221-224,共4页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：上海市科委项目(08411954500;08XD1402900);教育部博士点基金(20090073110084);博士创新基金(11qyj006);卫生行业科研专项项目(201202005);十二五国家科技支撑计划(2012BAI12B01)联合资助

摘　　要：目的探讨已通过新生儿听力筛查且无明显症状的学龄前儿童中,迟发性听力损失的患病情况及相关高危因素。方法 2009年10月至2010年8月,采用儿童听力计对出生时已通过新生儿听力筛查的21 427例3～6岁儿童进行听力筛查,筛查未通过者转诊进行医学和听力学评估。最终确诊为迟发性听力损失者采用美国婴幼儿听力联合会(JCIH)2007年建议的迟发性听力损失高危因素进行分析。结果 21 427例儿童中445例(2.08%)听力筛查未能通过并接受转诊,16例儿童(0.75‰)确诊为迟发性听力损失,其中5例(0.23‰)为双侧中度听力损失,7例(0.33‰)为双侧轻度听力损失,3例(0.014‰)为单侧中度听力损失,1例(0.05‰)为单侧轻度听力损失。10例(62.5%,10/16)不具有JCIH建议的听力高危因素,6例(37.5%,6/16)具有听力高危因素。结论 3～6岁已通过新生儿听力筛查的学龄前儿童中,存在一定比例无明显症状的迟发性听力损失者;仅针对具有高危因素的儿童进行听力随访不足以发现学龄前发生的迟发性听力损失,在学龄前阶段实施听力筛查可以早期发现迟发性听力损失患儿。Objective This study is to investigate the prevalence of delayed-onset hearing loss, and related risk factors in neonatal obvious symptoms without who have passed the universal newborn hearing screening. Meth- ods From October 2009 to September 2010, 21 427 preschool children in five residential areas in Shanghai who had previously passed the newborn hearing screening were enrolled in this study. Children with positive results in the in- itial and re- screening tests were referred to medical and audiologie assessment. Their clinical features were analyzed for risk factors as defined by the Year 2007 Statement of the American Joint Committee on Infant Hearing （JCIH）. Results In total, 445 children （2. 08%o） were referred for audiologic assessment, in which 16 children （0.75‰） presented with delayed-onset hearing loss. Among these 16 children, five （0.23‰） had bilateral moderate hearing loss, seven （0.33‰） had mild bilateral hearing loss, three （0.14%0） had unilateral moderate hearing loss, and one （0.05‰） had unilateral mild hearing loss. Ten defined children （62.5 %） were not established JCIH proposed risk factors, six cases （37.5 %） were found with high-risk factors. Conclusion A significant proportion of preschool children exhibited undiagnosed delayed-onset hearing loss. The audiologic assessment of the children with risk factorswas not able to make an early detection. Hearing screening is able to make an early detection and it is better to ex- tend the time range to the whole preschool age range.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 迟发性听力损失 听力筛查 

分 类 号：R764.04[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]