影响马匹初级调教水平关键因素的初步测定  

A Preliminary Determination Study on the Key Factors Affecting Elementary Training Level about Horses

作　　者：魏睿元[1] 谭小海 姚新奎[1] 邓海峰 马江飞 朱义忠 孟军[1] 褚洪忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆昭苏马场,新疆昭苏835602 [3]新疆伊犁种马场,新疆昭苏835612

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第4期737-743,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"优质运动马培育生产关键技术研究与集成示范"(2011BAD28B06);国家农业部公益性行业专项"马驴产业技术研究与试验示范项目"(201003075);新疆维吾尔自治区科技重大专项"马(运动;肉用;乳用)生产关键技术研究与示范"(201130101);新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅科技支撑项目"优质运动马培育生产关键技术研究与集成示范"(201031102)

摘　　要：【目的】以新疆某地区二马场(A场、B场)马匹为研究对象,主要从戴笼头速度、戴水勒速度、备鞍速度、上马速度、性别、品种、年龄几个方面研究确定影响马匹初级调教水平的关键因素,为马匹调教训练提供理论依据。【方法】试验比较和分析不同性别、品种、年龄马匹的戴笼头速度、戴水勒速度、备鞍速度、上马速度和总用时。【结果】A场的总体测试结果均要优于B场;性别因素:骟马的总体测试结果均要优于公马及母马,而公马的测试结果总体均优于母马;品种因素:伊犁马和纯血马的总体测试结果均要优于其他三个品种的马;年龄因素方面:4、5、6、7、8、9岁组马匹的总体测试结果均要优于1、2、3岁组的马匹,随着年龄的增长测试用时逐渐的减少。对影响因子进行主成分分析表明,上马速度、戴水勒速度在成分1中占比重较大而且与年龄负相关;性别和品种在成分2中所占比重较大且与年龄正相关。因上马速度与戴水勒速度也都反映了驯马师调教技术水平的好坏,所以驯马师的技术水平与马匹的年龄是影响马匹初级调教水平的关键因子。【结论】影响马匹初级调教水平的主要因素为调教技术水平与马匹年龄,而与性别、品种关系不大。[ Objective ] In this project, we mainly study factors that affect elementary training level of horses from the speed of putting on the haekamore, the bridle, the saddle and mounting onto the horseback to the gender, the breed and age in Xinjiang, P. R. China in order to provide theoretical references. [ Method] We carried out experimental analysis of the speed of putting on hackamore, bridle, saddle, and mounting onto the horse and tested the total time spent on different genders, different breeds and different age groups. [ Result]The results demonstrated that stud A＇s overall test results were better than those of stud B; The geldings＇overall test results were better than those of stallions and mares, and stallions＇overall test results were better than those of mares; The overall test results of Yili horses and thoroughbreds were better than those of other three breeds ; 4, 5,6, 7, 8 and 9 - year - old group of horses＇overall test results were better than those of 1, 2 and 3 -year- old groups, and the test time spent on them was reduced gradually with their age increased; The principal component analysis showed that the load capacity of mounting speed and bridle wearing speed was large in dae principal component 1, and was negatively correlated with ages; The load capacity of gender and varieties was larger proportion in component 2, and was positively correlated with ages. Because training technology would directly affect the training results of bridle wearing speed and mounting speed, so the trainers＂ technical level and horses＂ ages were the key influential factors. [ Conclusion ] So the main factors that affected elementary training level about homes were related to the training techniques and horses＂ ages, but not greatly related to the gender and breeds.

关 键 词：马 鞍速测定 初级调教 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S821.9[农业科学—畜牧学]