低氧预适应结合长时间亚高原训练对男子赛艇运动员运动能力的影响  

Effect of Hypoxic Pre-conditioning and Long time Sub-Altitude Training on Athletic Ability of Rowers

作　　者：王刚[1,2] 高炳宏[3] 高欢[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院研究生部,上海200438 [2]西安体育学院健康科学系,西安710068 [3]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2013年第3期327-333,共7页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运科技攻关项目(2011A106)

摘　　要：目的探讨10 d低氧预适应训练结合8周亚高原训练对赛艇运动员有氧运动能力的影响,为新的训练方法在赛艇项目上的应用提供理论与实践依据。方法以16名优秀男子赛艇运动员为研究对象,低氧模拟海拔高度为1 200～1 500 m,采用HiLo训练。高原训练高度为1 500 m。分别于低氧训练前、亚高原训练中、下高原后进行测功仪6 km和6级递增负荷测试,记录测试中的总成绩、血乳酸、心率等指标。训练全程每周进行Hb、RBC等指标测试。结果 (1)红细胞系指标变化:与传统高原训练模式不同,和低氧训练前相比,低氧训练3 d,Hb下降(P<0.05),RBC和Hct保持稳定(P<0.05),三者在高原训练3 d即升高,并保持到高原训练3周(P<0.01),提示,10 d模拟低氧训练加快了运动员对高原阶段训练的适应。之后Hb在高原训练6周和下高原后2、3周出现两次峰值(P<0.01),RBC、Hct一直保持较高状态到下高原后3周(P<0.01),提示机体氧运输能力得到提高。(2)专项运动能力变化:与低氧训练前相比,下高原后测功仪6 km成绩提高2.34%(P<0.01),即刻心率下降2.66%(P<0.05)。6级测试后发现,与低氧训练前相比,高原训练后运动员无氧阈水平下的运动强度增大,乳酸-运动强度曲线发生明显右移。结论(1)10 d低氧预适应干预加快了运动员高原适应;(2)10 d低氧预适应结合8周亚高原训练这一训练模式提高了男子赛艇运动员机体氧运输能力和有氧运动能力。Objective To explore the effect of 10 day hypoxic pre - conditioning training and 8 week sub - altitude training on aerobic athletic abilities of rowing athletes, and provide effective basis to the application of this training method to rowing. Methods 16 outstanding male rowing athletes were selected as the subjects. Simulated hypoxic altitude was between 1 200 - 1 500 m, and the HiLo training was carried out. Altitude training height was 1 500m. 6 km and 6 sub - increasing load tests were tested before hypoxie training, in sub -altitude training and after sub -altitude training respectively to investigate total score, blood lactate and heart rate. During the whole training process Hb and RBC were tested weekly. Results （ 1 ） changes of Red blood cell index： this training mode was different from that in the traditional altitude training. Compared with pre - hypoxic training, 3 days after hypoxic training, Hb reduced, while RBC and Hct kept steady. They all increased 3 days after altitude training and kept the level up to 3 weeks after altitude training, which indicates 10 day hypoxic training accelerates athletes＇ adaptation to the plateau. Hb reached peak value 6 weeks in altitude training and 2 or 3 weeks after leaving the plateau. RBC and Hct kept rather high state until 3 weeks after leaving the plateau. That indicates body oxygen transport capacity improves. （2） changes of specific exercising ability; compared with pre -hypoxic training, after leaving the plateauthe total score of 6 km by the ergometer increased by 2.34% and immediate heart rate decreased by 2.66%. Six sub - increasing load tests showed that exercise intensity increased more after the altitude training than that before hypoxic training when athlete maitained the anaerobic threshold state. The curve of lactic acid to exercise intensity significant shifted to the right. Conclusions （1） 10 day hypoxic training accelerates the athletes＇ adaptation to the plateau. （2） this mode, 10 day hypoxic training and 8 week sub - alti

关 键 词：低氧预适应 亚高原训练 赛艇运动员 有氧运动能力 

分 类 号：G861.414[文化科学—体育训练]