膳食干预在出生缺陷预防控制中的作用分析  

Effect dietary intervention on the prevention and control of birth defects

作　　者：刘咏菊[1] 郭丹[2] 张持晨[2] 

机构地区：[1]武警山西总队医院,山西太原030001 [2]山西医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2013年第12期1903-1906,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：山西省哲学社会科学"十二五"项目〔晋规办字(2011)8号〕

摘　　要：目的:分阶段对525例孕期妇女进行膳食营养干预,分析其在出生缺陷预防控制中的作用及效果。方法:随机抽取区域内1 050例怀孕1～8周的妇女作为研究对象,分设干预组与对照组,干预组实施膳食营养干预计划,经13个月后,收集相关数据并用统计学方法进行比较分析。结果:干预组与对照组在孕期饮食行为方面,除"偏食"和"蛋类"两项组间差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其他项目差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),且干预组正确率高于对照组;对照组发生流产或死胎9例、出生缺陷6例,干预组均为2例,经比较两组差异具有统计学意义;在干预过程中,有92.7%的参与者认为此项计划对自身健康及预防出生缺陷有着积极的效果,认为"个性化干预方案"、"干预人员专业性"是计划实施的核心所在。结论:膳食营养干预作为健康管理的一部分对预防出生缺陷有着积极作用,出生缺陷的影响因素较多,需采取全方位、个性化的健康管理计划方能提高出生缺陷的预防效果,这也是今后研究的重要方向。Objective： To carry out a phased dietary intervention in 525 pregnant women, and analyze the effect on birth defect intervention. Methods： 1 050 cases of 1 to 8 gestational weeks women at random in the area were selected as study subjects, and divided into the intervention and the control groups. The dietary intervention program was carried out in the intervention group. After 13 months, relative data were collected and analyzed. Results ： Except dietary bias and eggs, there were significant differences in the respect of eating behavior in pregnancy between the intervention and the control groups （P 〈 0. 001 ）, and the accurate rate of intervention group was higher than that of the control group. Miscarriage or stillbirth, birth defect were 9 and 6 cases respectively in the control group, and 2 cases both in the intervention group. There were significant differences between the two groups. In the process of intervention, 92. 7% of the participants thought this program produced positive effects on their health and the prevention of birth defects. Personalized intervention plan and the professionalism of researchers were the cores of the implementation of this program. Conclusion： Being a part of health management, the dietary intervention has a positive effect on the birth defect intervention. Influencing factors for birth defect are various, and comprehensive and personalized health management project to improve the effect of prevention should be taken, which is the important direction of our later study.

关 键 词：膳食干预 出生缺陷 健康管理 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]