“知识共有”理论下商标权取得的本质解读  

The Interpretation to the Essence of Trademark Rights Based on the “Knowledge Joint” Theory

作　　者：罗宗奎[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院 [2]内蒙古工业大学人文学院法学系

出　　处：《知识产权》2013年第5期25-32,共8页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：在格劳秀斯、普芬道夫关于私有财产权产生的自然法逻辑以及德霍斯的"知识共有"理论基础上,阐发"知识共有"理论之内涵:知识财产权是人们就共有知识利用和分配达成的协议。据此,商标权的本质就是以实现特定符号识别功能的义务换取对这一符号的垄断使用权的协议。使用商标实现识别功能是达成协议的实质要件,其他共有人的同意是达成协议的形式要件。使用产生商标权是基于"消极共有"的"占有—默示同意"契约,注册产生商标权是基于"积极共有"的"分配—明示同意"契约,两者各有优劣。从"知识共有"理论的"协议"视角解读商标权取得本质可为商标权正当性论证提供新的进路,对我国商标实践中实现使用行为价值的理性回归,也可为解决未注册商标抢注纠纷等实践问题提供理论指导。On the basis of the natural law logic of private property rights introduced by Hugo Grottos and Samuel Pufendorf and ＂knowledge joint＂ theory introduced by Peter Drahos, the connotation of ＂knowledge joint＂ theory can be concluded as that intellectual property is an agreement on use and distribution of joint knowledge by people. And therefore, the essence of trademark rights is an agreement that performing the obligations of achieving function of identification of the specific symbol in remm for monopoly use to the symbol. And the substance condition of the agreement is using the trademark and achieving its function of identification; the formal condition is the agreement of other joint owners. The trademark right forming by using can be regarded as a contract that is based on ＂negative community＂ and ＂occupied--implied consent＂. And trademark right forming by registering can be regarded as a contract that is based on ＂positive community＂ and ＂allocation---express consent＂. And both of the above have advantages and disadvantages. The interpretation to trademark right from the agreement perspective of ＂knowledge joint＂ theory can not only provide a new approach to prove trademark right for us, but also provide theoretical guidance to the rational regression of using behavior value in China＇s trademark practice and to solve the disputes on rush registering to trademark and other practical issues.

关 键 词：“知识共有”理论 共有模式 商标权取得协议 商标注册行为 商标使用行为 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]