不同生计方式农户的环境影响——以甘南高原为例  

Environmental Impact of Different Livelihood Strategies of Farmers: A Case of the Gannan Plateau

作　　者：赵雪雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《地理科学》2013年第5期545-552,共8页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41061051);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NECT-11-0910);西北师范大学骨干项目(SKQNGC11033)资助

摘　　要：生计方式是影响生态环境的重要人文因素。利用参与式农村评估方法,从生活用能与生态足迹出发,研究了甘南高原不同生计方式农户的环境影响。结果发现:①随着非农化水平的提高,农户生活用能总量下降,其中生物质能比重降低,而商品性能源比重增加;②随着非农化水平的提高,农户的人均生态足迹下降,农户对草地资源的依赖程度降低,但对林地、建筑用地、水域、化石能源用地的依赖程度增强;③提高非农化水平及农户受教育程度将减缓对生态环境的影响,而扩大家庭规模、提高富裕水平具有加剧环境影响的作用,但是现有样本数据支持环境Kuznets曲线假说。As the most important human factor to impact the environment, the farmer＇ s livelihood strategy decides the intervention measure and the intervention intensity to environment. Thus, understanding the impact of farmer＇ s livelihood on the environment and identifying the relationship between human livelihood and environment is the key to solve the environmental problem. In recent years, the relationship between farmer＇ s livelihood and environment has been the research focus of the sustainable development domain. Through stratified random sampling survey, participatory rural appraisal and investigation of plots, 217 households are investigated and sampled. Farmers are divided into 3 types： the households earning from farming, the off-farming, and both. From the farmer＇s household energy consumption and ecological footprint, the article employs the investigation data to analyze the environmental impact of the farmers with different livelihood strategies in the Gannan Plateau. The results show： 1） The diversification level of farmers＇ livelihood in the Gannan Plateau is low, and the farmer＇ s livelihood diversity index is only 1.84. The livelihood diversity index of the farmers in the farming-pastoral area reaches 2.10, but that of the farmers in the pure pasturing area is 1.54. Moreover, the non-agricultural level in the farming-pastoral area is higher than that of the other areas; 2） With the non-agricultural level improving, the farmer＇ s household energy consumption in the Gannan Plateau will decline. Among the farmers of different livelihood strategies, the energy consumption of the farmer household is 738.08 kgce, but those of the household with combined occupation and the off-farming household are 368.34 kgce and 260.49 kgce respectively. Furthermore, following the non-agricultural level increasing, the proportion of biomass energy consumption will reduce, but that of commercial energy consumption proportion will increase; 3） The farmer＇ s per capita ecological footprint in the Gannan

关 键 词：甘南高原 农户 生计方式 生活用能 生态足迹 

分 类 号：K2[历史地理—历史学]