全流域生态补偿标准设计依据和横向补偿模式  

Design Basis for Standard of Compensation & Horizontal Compensation Mode in Watershed-Based PES

作　　者：黄炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院,上海200444

出　　处：《生态经济》2013年第6期154-159,172,共7页Ecological Economy

基　　金：2010年教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(NCET-10-0938)

摘　　要：为全流域生态补偿标准的设计依据和横向补偿模式提出了理论框架和实践指导。总结出目前我国流域生态补偿理论与实践中存在的五个突出问题。针对上述问题,提出两点解决思路:(1)在评估上游的生态系统建设和保护成本和下游的生态系统损失的基础上确立生态补偿标准;分析了将流域生态系统服务价值的评估值作为生态补偿依据的不合理性;分析了用污染物削减成本或生态修复成本代替生态损失的不恰当的逻辑;论述了补偿标准确定过程中协商和博弈的重要性。(2)构建以基于市场的横向补偿为主、财政纵向转移支付为辅的新型动态复合生态补偿模式。提出污染物转移削减这一合作治污途径,并采用污染物转移削减支付(一种横向补偿形式)进行生态补偿。Five prominent problems in Chinese watershed-based PES theories and practices are summarized in this paper. Two solutions are brought out in this paper for the above problems. （1） Determining PES standard based on the valuation for the costs of ecosystem construction and protection of upstream region and the ecosystem loss of downstream region. It＇s analyzed in this paper for the irrationality of taking the assessed value of ecosystem services value in watershed as the basis for PES; it＇s analyzed for the inappropriate logic of replacing ecosystem loss with the cost of pollutant reduction or ecological restoration; it＇s discussed for the importance of negotiation and game in the process of determining compensation standard. （2） Constructing new dynamic compound PES mode with market-based horizontal compensation as the main instrument and financial longitudinal transfer payment as the assistance. The cooperative pollution reduction solution with pollutant reduction transfer is proposed in this paper, and pollutant reduction transfer payment （a kind of horizontal compensation） is used in this solution to realize PES.

关 键 词：生态补偿标准 横向补偿 生态保护成本 生态损失 转移削减 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]