中国1997至2009年报告尘肺病发病特征和变化趋势  

Analyses on the characteristics and the trends of pneumoconiosis notified between 1997 and 2009, in China

作　　者：张敏[1] 王丹[1] 郑迎东[2] 杜燮祎[1] 陈曙旸[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]北京大学医学部,北京100050

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2013年第5期321-334,共14页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目“高危职业危害监测预警与防治关键技术研究”（2006BAK05802）;卫生部2011年《职业病与职业卫生信息监测、报告管理办法（草案）》制订项目

摘　　要：目的描述我国1997至2009年累计报告新发尘肺病发病情况，探讨报告尘肺病的发病趋势和特征，为制定尘肺病防治政策、科学研究和建立尘肺病监测与预警的时序模型提供基础数据。方法使用SPSS15．0统计分析软件对1997至2009年国家尘肺病新发病例数据库进行系统性整理并做描述性分析和趋势性检验，包括尘肺病新发病例的年度分布、病种分布、地区分布、工业系统分布和工种分布以及平均发病工龄、发病年龄的年度变化趋势。结果（1）1997至2009年，累计报告各类尘肺病新发病例122333例，自1998年起尘肺病新发病例数总体呈上升趋势，自2003年出现回落至7620例后又继续攀升，2009年病例数最多，为12492例。（2）煤工尘肺、矽肺占总病例数的87．5％，分别为54068例（44．2％）和52930例（4313％）。（3）湖南省、山东省和四川省累计报告尘肺病新发病例数分列前3位，分别为12995例（10．6％）、8952例（7．3％）和8417例（6．9％）。（4）煤炭、建材、有色金属和冶金行业累计报告尘肺病新发病例数分列前4位，分别为61270例（50．1％）、9754例（8．0％）、9380例（7．7％）和8773例（7．2％）。（5）累计报告尘肺病新发病例的工种主要为主掘进、主采煤、凿岩、纯掘进和煤矿混合等工种，分别为15659例（12．8％）、15009例（12．3％）、14010例（11．5％）、12122例（9．9％）和10612例（8．7％）。（6）1997至2009年，各类报告尘肺病新发病例的平均发病工龄总体呈缩短趋势，尘肺病发病工龄中位数为20．00年，其中煤工尘肺、矽肺和石棉肺发病工龄中位数分别为21．58年、17．00年和20．00年。（7）尘肺病发病年龄中位数为51．00岁，1997至2009年各类报告尘肺病新发病例的平均发病年龄呈现上升趋势。结论尘肺病发病形势依然严峻，呈现行业、工种和病种的明显集�Objective To describe the incidence of pneumoeoniosis reported in China from 1997 to 2009 and investigate the epidemiologieal trends and characteristics of pneumoconiosis, and to provide basic data for formulating the guidelines and policies for control of pneumoconiosis, research on pneumoeoniosis, and establishing the time series model for monitoring and early warning of pneumoconiosis. Methods The national database of new cases of pneumoeoniosis reported from 1997 to 2009 was subjected to systematic arrangement, descriptive analysis, and trend test using SPSS 15.0. The statistical indices included number of new pneumoconiosis cases in each year, types of pneumoconiosis, regional and industrial distributions of pneumoconiosis cases, work types of pneumoconiosis cases, and the annual changes in mean length of service and mean age at the onset of pneumoconiosis. Results From 1997 to 2009, a total of 122 333 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported; the number of new cases increased since 1998, but fell to 7620 in 2003, and then it increased again to a maximum of 12 492 in 2009. Of all patients, 87.5% were cases of coal-workers＇ pneumoeoniosis and silicosis; 54 068 （44.2%） were coal-workers＇ pneumoeoniosis cases, and 52 930 （43.3%） were silicosis cases. The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in Hunan Province （12 995 cases, 10.6%）, Shandong Province （8952 cases, 7.3%）, and Sichuan Province （8417 cases, 6.9%）. Most cases were distributed in coal industry （61 270 cases, 50.1%）, architectural, material industry （9754 cases, 8.1Y^b）, nonferrous metals industry （9380 cases, 7.7%）, and metallurgical industry （8773 cases, 7.2%）. The work types of these cases mainly included tunneling as the main work （15 659 cases, 12.8%）, mining as the main work （15 009 cases, 12.3%）, drilling （14 010 cases, 11.5%）, tunneling （12 122 cases, 9.9%）, and hybrid coal mine work （10 612 cases, 8.7%）. The mean length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis in new cases of

关 键 词：中国 尘肺 矽肺 石棉肺 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]