新型火电厂定点与个体采样噪声测量评价的比较  

Assessment comparison between area sampling and personal sampling noise measurement in new thermal power plant

作　　者：张华[1] 陈青松[1] 李楠[1] 晏华[1] 曾琳[1] 徐国勇[1] 陶立元[1] 赵一鸣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院临床流行病学研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2013年第5期372-375,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助（30640085）

摘　　要：目的比较新型火电厂定点采样与个体采样测量评价噪声的结果，分析两种评价方法的异同。方法依据GBZ／T189．8—2007《工作场所物理因素测量第8部分：噪声》对工人各作业点噪声进行定点采样测量，同时对各工种的作业工人佩戴个人声暴露计进行个体噪声暴露测量。根据相应的劳动卫生学标准，用两种测量方法分别评价该企业的噪声危害情况，并对评价结果进行比较。结果定点采样的测量点为99个，噪声平均值为88．9dB（A），标准差为11．1dB（A），噪声强度范围为51。3．107．0拈（A），超标率为75．8％。个体采样测量73人次，噪声测量结果平均值为79．3dB（A），标准差为6．3dB（A），超标率为6．6％（16／241）。两种评价方法的超标率的差异有统计学意义（X^2=53．869，P〈0．001）。结论新型火电厂的工作方式特点决定以环境为噪声危害评价主体的定点采样测量已经不能代替工人个体暴露测量，新型火电厂的噪声测量应该采用个体采样测量方法。Objective To compare the results of noise hazard evaluations based on area sampling and personal sampling in a new thermal power plant and to analyze the similarities and differences between the two measurement methods. Methods According to Measurement of Physical agents in Workplace Part 8： Noise （GBZ/T 189.8-2007）, area sampling was performed at various operating points for noise measurement, and meanwhile the workers under different types of work wore noise dosimeters for personal noise exposure measurement. The two measurement methods were used to evaluate the level of noise hazards in the enterprise according to the corresponding occupational health standards, and the evaluation results were compared. Results Area sampling was performed at 99 operating points, the mean noise level was 88.9＋11.1 dB （A） （range, 51.3-107.0 dB （A））, with an over-standard rate of 75.8%. Personal sampling was performed （73 persontimes）, and the mean noise level was 79.3_＋6.3 dB （A）, with an over-standard rate of 6.6% （16/241）. There was a statistically significant difference in the over-standard rate between the evaluation results of the two measurement methods （X^2=53.869, P〈0.001）. Conclusion Because of the characteristics of the work in new thermal power plants, the noise hazard evaluation based on area sampling cannot be used instead of personal noise exposure measurement among workers. Personal sampling should be used in the noise measurement in new thermal power plant.

关 键 词：噪声 个体采样 定点采样 评价研究 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]