5种滤食性贝类对牙鲆的粪便、残饵及网箱养殖区沉降物的摄食行为  

Feeding behavior of 5 species filter-feeding bivalves on Paralichthys olivaceus feed,fecal and sediment particulates in cage farming area

作　　者：张继红[1] 吴桃[1,2] 高亚平[1] 唐望[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]华东理工大学生物工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第5期727-734,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD13B06);国家自然科学基金项目(40876087;41076111);国家"九七三"项目(2011CB409805)

摘　　要：采用室内静水法,研究了虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、长牡蛎、紫贻贝及菲律宾蛤仔对不同浓度、质量的牙鲆粪便、残饵、沉降物的摄食行为,从摄食生理角度,分析了基于滤食性贝类的鱼+贝IMTA养殖模式的可能性。研究结果显示,这5种贝类对鱼粪、残饵及网箱周围沉降物都可摄食,但是,不同贝类对食物可获得性的反应不同。菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝的摄食率显著高于其它2种贝类;5种贝类的吸收率、吸收效率无显著性差异。不同饵料对贝类的摄食行为影响显著。吸收效率(AE)都随有机物含量的增加而增大;对有机物的吸收率(AR)与有机物浓度(POM)呈线性正相关关系。颗粒物TPM浓度达到26.24,21.64,27.00 mg/L时,长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝会产生假粪来调节摄入的能量。在牙鲆+滤食性贝类的IMTA养殖模式中,菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝是比较好的候选种。5 species bivalves＇ feeding behavior on different food, including flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） faeces,residul feed and deposition was studied so as to discuss the potential IMTA based on filter- feeding bivalves. Results showed the 5 species bivalves could feed on fish faeces, residul feed and deposition. However, different species showed different feeding behaviors. Ingestion rates of oyster, clam and scallop were significantly higher than the other 2 species （ two-way ANOVA, P 〈 0. 01 ）, and absorption efficiency （AE） and absorption rate （AR） of the 5 species bivalves were not significantly different. Diet had significant influence on the feeding behavior. With particle organic matter（POM）increasing, AE increased. There were significantly linear relationship between AR and POM. TPM threshold for pseudo-feces production of oyster and scallop and was 26.24,21.64,27.00 mg/L, respectively, and the 5 species bivalves could regulate food intake by pseudo-feces production. The shellfish ＋ fish IMTA mode, clam Ruditapes philippinarum,oyster Crassostrea gigas and scallop Chlamys farreri are relatively good candidate species.

关 键 词：总悬浮颗粒物 有机物含量 摄食行为 滤食性贝类 多营养层次的综合养殖 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学] S917.4[生物学—普通生物学]