北疆滴灌春小麦耗水特征及作物系数的确定  

Determination of Water Consumption Characteristics and Crop Coefficient of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation Condition in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：宋常吉[1] 王振华[1] 郑旭荣[1] 姜国军[1] 李文昊[1] 李朝阳[1] 陈小芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第3期58-63,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51169022);国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD29B06);兵团青年科技创新资金专项(2011CB020);石河子大学重大科技攻关(gxjs2010-zdgg03-03)

摘　　要：为探索滴灌春小麦耗水特征,2012年设置315、360、405、450、495、540mm 6个滴灌春小麦水分处理,研究不同处理下春小麦各生育期土壤水分动态变化、耗水量及作物系数。结果表明,滴灌小麦根系主要吸收0～60cm土层水分,苗期、分蘖期主要消耗0～40cm土层水分,拔节期后主要消耗0～60cm土层水分,80～100cm土层含水率变化不大;水分适宜处理的春小麦生育期耗水量为523.53mm,各阶段耗水量占全生育期耗水量的12.64%、12.91%、25.36%、33.97%、15.11%,相应的日平均耗水强度分别为3.31、6.15、8.85、11.11、3.60mm/d,拔节期和抽穗期为小麦需水关键期,尤其在抽穗期对水分最敏感;小麦的作物系数各生育期分别为0.76、0.77、1.11、1.16、0.46,全生育期作物系数为0.87。Drip Irrigation experiment on spring wheat in field was carried out to study water consumption characteristics in 2012,6 water treatments（315,360,405,450,495,540 mm）were set to research dynamic changes in soil moisture,water consumption and crop coefficient on spring wheat under the different irrigation quotas in different growing periods.The result of drip irrigation experiment showed that the spring wheat roots mainly absorbed 0-60 cm soil layer moisture,and mainly consumed within 40 cm soil layer moisture at seedling stage and tillering stage,and within 60 cm soil layer soil moisture after jointing stage.The moisture of 80-100 cm soil layer changed slightly.The water consumption of spring wheat for the suitable water treatment was 523.53 mm,the water consumption at each period took up 12.64%,12.91%,25.36%,33.97%,15.11% of seasonal water consumption respectively,and average daily water consumption at the corresponding period were 3.31,6.15,8.85,11.11 and 3.60 mm/d respectively.Jointing and heading are the critical period of wheat water requirement,and heading is the most sensitive period especially.The wheat crop coefficients of five growth stages were 0.76,0.77,1.11,1.16 and 0.46,and the whole growth period crop coefficient was 0.87.

关 键 词：滴灌 春小麦 土壤水分动态 耗水量 作物系数 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]