氰化物接触人群职业性接触性皮炎流行病学调查  

Epidemiological study of occupational contact dermatitis in cyanides exposed workers

作　　者：王朋[1] 权哲[1] 黄简抒[1] 李秀菊[1] 马力[1] 周元陵[1] 王丽华[2] 周志俊[3] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属金山医院,上海201508 [2]上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201500 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2013年第3期145-149,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨氰化物接触人群职业性接触性皮炎的发病特点和影响因素,为皮炎诊治和预防提供科学依据。方法采用随机分层整群抽样的方法,选择某石油化工企业接触氰化物的工人429人为调查对象,以问卷与医学检查相结合的形式,对调查对象进行横断面流行病学调查。内容包括一般情况、职业接触史、防护措施、发病情况及诊治经过等。结果氰化物接触人群职业性接触性皮炎患病率为30.8%,明显高于非氰化物接触人群皮炎患病率(χ2=6.46,P<0.05)。发病部位以暴露部位或直接接触氰化物部位为主。致病原以两种或两种以上氰化物混合物为主。车间氰化物浓度高、工作时间长以及手工操作的工种患病率较高。发病以7—9月份炎热夏季为主。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、工种、手套防护对氰化物职业性接触性皮炎发病的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);非条件logistic回归分析显示,佩戴手套是氰化物职业性接触性皮炎发病的保护性因素。结论降低工作场所温度、采取有效的卫生防护措施和加强职业卫生知识培训,是预防职业性接触性皮炎发生的有效措施。Objective To investigate the characteristics and influential factors of occupational contact dermatitis（OCD）in cyanides exposed workers and to provide criteria for diagnosis and prevention.Methods 429 cyanides exposed workers from a petrochemical factory were investigated with questionnaire and medical surveillance involving occupational history,protective measures,incidence rate and treatment situation.A cross-sectional survey with stratified cluster and random sampling were performed.Results The prevalence of OCD in the cyanides exposed workers was 30.8% significantly higher than that of unexposed workers（χ2=6.46,P0.05）.Dermatitis mainly located on the bare part of the body or on direct contact parts.The causation mainly was due to in contact with two different cyanide compounds or mixture of several cyanides.The incidence of workers working in an environment of high cyanide concentration,or with a long contact duration and manual operation showed the highest rate of OCD.July to September was the season of frequent occurrence for OCD.Results of single factor analysis showed that age,job category and wearing or not the protective gloves correlated with OCD,the difference was significant（P0.05）.The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that gloves wearing were the protective factor to the incidence of OCD.Conclusions Lowering the environment temperature,taking the effective protective measures and strengthening workers＇awareness could effectively reduce the incidence of OCD.

关 键 词：氰化物 职业性接触性皮炎 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R135.7[医药卫生—劳动卫生]