汽车失效催化剂之铂族金属分离方法  

Review of Separation Methods of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Auto-Catalysts

作　　者：余建民[1] 毕向光[1] 李权[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明贵金属研究所昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《稀有金属》2013年第3期485-493,共9页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究计划重点项目(2012FA006);国家科技部科技支撑计划项目(2012BAE06B08)资助

摘　　要：铂族贵金属是汽车三元催化剂的主要成分,从失效的汽车催化剂中分离回收铂族金属是解决铂族金属资源不足的主要途径。根据近10年国内外文献资料并结合作者的工作实践,介绍了汽车失效催化剂铂族金属的各种分离方法,例如,传统沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法、分子识别法、阳离子交换树脂分离贱金属净化铂族金属溶液等。近几年来,应用阳离子交换树脂分离贱金属净化铂族金属溶液的方法得到了广泛的应用,取得了较好的效果。生产实践证明,贱金属的高效分离是铂族金属相互分离能否成功进行的关键环节;铂族金属的分离方法各有优缺点,传统沉淀法流程长,分离效率低;离子交换法吸附容量低,设备投资较大;分子识别法无自己的知识产权,分离材料价格高,一次性投资大,运行成本高;溶剂萃取法分离效率高,铂族金属直收率高,有机相可循环使用100次以上,生产成本低,生产规模可大可小,已成为从汽车失效催化剂中分离精炼铂族金属的核心技术,具有很大的潜力和广阔的前景。Platinum group metals （PGMs） was a main composition of auto-catalysts, so recovery PGMs from spent auto-catalysts was a main way to resolve the PGMs resource shortage. Various separation methods of PGMs from spent auto-catalysts, for example, traditional precipitation （TP）, solvent extraction （SX）, ion exchange （IX） and molecule recognition technology （MRT）, were reviewed according to 10 year＇s references and author＇s research practice. Separation base metals （BMs） from PGMs solution by cation ion exchange was used in recent years, industry practice proved that effectively separation BMs was a key link for separation PGMs each other. Various separation methods of PGMs had different advantages and disadvantages, for example, TP had longer procedure and lowerseparation efficiency; IX had the disadvantage of lower adsorption capacity and higher investment in apparatus; as to MRT, there was no Independent intellectual property, the price of separation materials and production cost were higher; while, SX had the advantage ofhigher separation efficiency, higher recovery, oil phase recycled over 100 times, lower cost, larger or smaller production scale, became a key technology of separation PGMs from spent auto-catalysts, and would have a strong potential and broad prospects.

关 键 词：汽车失效催化剂 铂族金属 分离 溶剂萃取 离子交换 分子识别 

分 类 号：TQ426.96[化学工程]