初婚年龄的影响因素分析基于CGSS2006的研究  

Determinants of the Age of First Marriage: A Study Based on CGSS2006

作　　者：王鹏[1] 吴愈晓[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院社会学系 [2]南京大学社会学院社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2013年第3期89-110,共22页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：全国教育科学"十二五"规划教育部青年课题"社会性别视角下教育对社会流动的影响研究"(EFA110344);教育部"新世纪优秀人才计划"的资助~~

摘　　要：本文基于"2006年中国综合社会调查"(CGSS2006)数据,使用事件史分析方法,探讨了城乡居民初婚年龄的变化趋势及其社会经济原因。研究发现,教育、职业和家庭的社会经济特征对初婚年龄有着显著的影响,并表现出性别和户籍差异。教育程度对女性初婚年龄的推迟效应大于男性,高等教育对农村户籍女性初婚年龄的推迟效应大于城市户籍女性,技术类职业相比非技术非管理类职业,对农村户籍男性居民的初婚年龄有着显著的提前效应。在城市户籍居民中,父母的教育程度越高,子女的初婚年龄越晚;兄弟姐妹越多,初婚年龄越早。对城市和农村户籍居民而言,父亲从事管理类职业对儿子的初婚年龄均有显著的提前效应,而且对农村户籍居民的影响要高于城市户籍居民。With the data from ＂2006 Chinese Social Survey＂ （CGSS2006）, this paper investigates the change trend in the age of first marriage and its socioeconomic origins using the event history analysis model. Education, occupation and family socioeconomic status are found to be significantly related to the age of first marriage, with considerable differences between men and women, and between urban and rural residential registration. First, higher education, in general, is associated with later marriage; more so for women than for men, with this effect being the strongest for the women in the rural areas. Second, among the men who have rural registration （hukou）, those in professional occupations marry earlier than those with non-skilled, non- managerial jobs. Third, in the urban population, the higher the parents＇ education attainment is, the later their children get married for the first time but the number of siblings correlates with an earlier marriage. Lastly, regardless of hukou location （urban or rural）, father＇s managerial position, in contrast to having a skilled job, is associated with his child＇s earlier marriage. Father＇s managerial position is associated with his son＇s younger age of first marriage, especially so if their hukou is in the rural areas. Taken together, these findings answer to the marriage hypothesis from the modernization theory, that is, an individual＇s education, occupation and family socioeconomic status all significantly affect the age of first marriage; but in the rural areas where traditional characteristics are more prominent, existing differences in fathers＇ occupations have a more substantial impact on their children＇s age of first marriage. Therefore, age of first marriage is not only a matter of an individual＇s choice, but also closely relates to macro-level factors such as social stratification, the hukou system, and the urban-rural structure.

关 键 词：初婚年龄 教育程度 职业 家庭社会经济特征 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]