绿洲-荒漠过渡带蒸散与主要环境因子关系分析  

Relationships between evapotranspiration and primary environmental factors in oasis-desert ecotone

作　　者：闫人华[1,2] 熊黑钢[3,2] 李成圆[1,2] 瞿秀华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]教育部绿洲生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]北京联合大学应用文理学院城市系,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2013年第1期154-160,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41171165);北京市属高等学校人才强教计划项目(PHR200906125)资助

摘　　要：以实测气象资料为基础,通过波文比能量平衡法对芨芨草地蒸散量进行计算,分析了不同天气条件对蒸散与主要环境因子之间相互关系的影响,建立了适合新疆天山北麓绿洲-荒漠过渡带的蒸散预测模型。结果表明:1)影响过渡带蒸散的四大主要环境因子依次是净辐射(Rn)、土壤热通量(G)、气温(T气)、相对湿度(RH)。2)不同天气条件下各主要环境因子及蒸散日变化曲线特征差异显著。晴天蒸散曲线呈"单峰型",阴天表现为"多峰型",而雨天显示为"偏峰型"。平均情况下基本与晴天一致。3)除Rn外,其它主要因子与蒸散线性拟合度均表现为雨天最大,晴天、平均次之,阴天最差。4)适合不同天气条件下的蒸散预测模型表明:除阴天外,热量是影响干旱区绿洲-荒漠过渡带蒸散的主导因素。Based on the observed meteorological data,the splendens evapotranspiration was calculated by using Bowen ratio equilibrium energy method,and the different weather conditions＇ influence on the relationship between evapotranspiration and environmental factors were analyzed.On the basis of the above study,evapotranspiration forecasting models of the oasis-desert ecotone in northern Tianshan Mountain of Xinjiang were established.The results indicated that： 1.Net radiation,soil heat flux,air temperature,relative humidity are the four major environmental factors affecting evapotranspiration.2.The features of diurnal variation of evapotranspiration and the primary factors under the different weather conditions differ largely.Evaporation curve on sunny days appears as ＂ single peak ＂ type,the line of cloudy days manifests as＂ multiple peak ＂ type,and that of rainy days displays ＂ partial peak ＂type.The curve of average major factors and evapotranspiration are basically consistent with sunny.3.In addition to Rn,the linear goodness of fit from the other main factors to evapotranspiration appears that rainy day is the highest,followed by sunny and the average,cloudy is the lowest.4.Evapotranspiration forecasting models under different weather conditions show that in addition to cloudy,the heat is the most important factor affecting evapotranspiration of oasis-desert ecotone in the arid area.

关 键 词：蒸散 环境因子 绿洲-荒漠过渡带 天气条件 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]