1958～2000年黄土高原沙尘天气基本特征分析  

Analysis on the dust weather in Loess Plateau during 1958～2000

作　　者：刘国梁[1,2] 张峰[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006 [3]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2013年第4期76-80,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：科技部"科技基础性工作专项"(2011FY110300);山西省留学基金(20100012)资助

摘　　要：分析了黄土高原1958～2000年57个气象监测站记录的沙尘天气资料,分析显示:(1)黄土高原沙尘天气主要发生在西部地区,沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘发生频率的最大值分别为19.2天/年、86.1天/年和45.7天/年;(2)春季为沙尘天气的频发期,62.7%沙尘暴、53.5%扬沙和56.3%浮尘发生在春季,4月是沙尘天气发生最多的月份,29.8%沙尘暴21.3%扬沙22.8%浮尘发生在4月;(3)近43年黄土高原沙尘天气呈减少趋势,1958年是沙尘暴天气最多的一年,1966年是扬沙和浮尘天气最多的一年;(4)强沙尘暴也呈减少的趋势,1966年是强沙尘暴最多的一年;(5)黄土高原57个站43年间只有23条特强沙尘暴记录,其中11条在宁夏;(6)沙尘暴大多开始于10时至17时之间约占71%;(7)持续时间大于t的沙尘暴次数N满足:lg(N)=a-bt,b值为0.1662 hr-1。The dust weather data of 57 stations in Loess Plateau during the period of 1958-2000 were analyzed.The results showed that most of dust weather occurred in the west Loess Plateau and with the highest frequency of the dust storm of 19.2 d/a,the blowing sand of 86.1 d/a and the floating dust of 45.7 d/a,respectively.The spring was the season with the most frequent dust weather,and 62.7% of the dust storm,53.5% of sand blowing and 56.3% of floating dust occurred in spring.April was the month with the most frequent dust weather,and 29.8% of dust storm,21.3% of sand blowing and 22.8% of floating dust occurred in April.The dust weather decreased in whole during the 43 a in Loess Plateau,and 1958 was the year with the most frequent dust storm weather and 1966 was year with the most frequent blowing dust weather and floating dust weather.The strong dust storm also decreased and 1966 was the year with the most frequent strong dust storm.The detailed analysis of the dust storm data showed that only 23 extra-strong dust storms were recorded in the 57 stations from 1958 to 2000,and 11 of them occurred in Ningxia.The 71% of dust storm started during the period of 07：00 to 15：00.There was lg（N）=a-bt with b value of 0.1662 hr-1,where N was the number of dust storm with duration time longer thant.

关 键 词：黄土高原 沙尘暴 扬沙 浮尘 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]