花粉管通道法导入高粱DNA创造优良小麦新品系的分子聚合育种  

Molecule-pyramiding breeding of new improved wheat varieties by introducing sorghum DNA via pollen-tube pathway

作　　者：欧巧明[1] 崔文娟[1] 王炜[1] 倪建福[1] 王红梅[1] 杨芳萍[1] 罗俊杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第2期6-12,22,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08005-013B);甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目(GNSW-2011-07);甘肃省农科院农业科技创新专项(2009GAAS16);甘肃省青年科学基金项目(1208RJYA091)

摘　　要：采用优化的花粉管通道法将高粱(Sorghum bicolorL.)基因组DNA导入高感条锈病、籽粒粉质的稳定小麦品系,并借助幼胚培养挽救加代、早代变异筛选等技术,经多代连续选择优良变异系,获得2个稳定的优良变异新品系,其中2001502-23-26两年度位居省区试第一位,已申请生产试验和品种审定。变异新品系与感病受体小麦比较,某些生物学性状发生明显变异,对条锈病免疫,品质指标得到提升,HMW-GS发生明显变异,Gul D1位点基因发生等位变异,过氧化物酶发生明显变化,说明外源高粱基因导入引起了相应基因表达的变化,地区适应性也相应的较受体不同。这说明异源高粱基因组DNA导入小麦可实现高粱抗条锈性和HMW-GS等优良性状的遗传转育和聚合,达到生物学性状、产量、抗条锈性和品质指标等目标性状得到遗传改良的目的。性状改良的原因,推测可能是高粱抗条锈基因转化和HMW-GS基因生物诱变和多基因聚合的结果,而导入后代HMW-GS的GulD1位点基因的等位变异机理可归结为生物诱变所致,条锈病抗性的变异可能属于高粱抗锈基因的定向转移所致。The genomics DNA of sorghum was introduced via the pollen tube pathway into the strains of soft-grain wheat that were highly infectable to stripe rust.Two stable variants was obtained with the aid of the key technologies including culturing of young embryo and screening of early generation variation,and the apparent variation of biological characteristics,such as stripe-rust resistance,quality indicators,HMW-GS,alleles in Gul D1 loci and peroxidase,was displayed in the new variants compared with their receptors.This showed that the introduction of sorghum genomics DNA caused the changes of gene expression in wheat strains,and their regional adaptabilities were also different from their receptors accordingly.Therefore,the genetic transformation of the traits of stripe-rust resistance and HMW-GS from sorghum into wheat was realized,and the objective of improving target characters,such as biological indicators,stripe-rust resistance,yield and quality,was achieved.It was speculated that the above results might be led by the genetic transformation of stripe-rust resistant gene from sorghum and biological mutation of HMW-GS gene as well as polygenic pyramiding.The variation of alleles in Gul D1 loci of HMW-GS could be attributed to the biological mutagenesis,and the variation of stripe-rust resistance could be ascribed to the target-oriented transformation of genomic DNA from sorghum.

关 键 词：小麦 高粱DNA 花粉管通道法 高分子量谷蛋白亚基 抗条锈 分子聚合育种 

分 类 号：S512.332[农业科学—作物学]