微咸水灌溉对河北低平原土壤盐分动态和小麦、玉米产量的影响  

Effects of saline water irrigation on soil salt dynamics and yields of wheat and maize in low plain of Hebei province

作　　者：焦艳平 高巍 潘增辉 李科江[2] 沈广诚[3] 

机构地区：[1]河北省水利科学研究院,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省农科院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [3]中国农业大学曲周灌溉实验站,河北邯郸057250

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第2期134-140,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：水利部公益行业科研专项"海河流域非常规水安全利用模式及关键技术"(201001019);河北省省级水利财政预算项目"咸淡水混浇"

摘　　要：在河北低平原有咸水区的2个试验站,通过田间小区试验,连续3年研究了2 g.L-1咸淡混合水灌溉对土壤盐分动态和小麦、玉米产量的影响。结果表明,2 g.L-1咸淡混合水灌溉显著提高了主根层和0～120 cm土体的含盐量。麦收后微咸水灌溉处理的根层土体ECe值3年平均比淡水灌溉分别增加0.092和0.091 dS.m-1,0～120 cm土体ECe3年平均比淡水灌溉分别增加0.051 dS.m-1和0.147 dS.m-1;玉米收获后微咸水灌溉处理的根层土体ECe3年平均比淡水灌溉分别增加0.059 dS.m-1和0.127 dS.m-1,0～120 cm土体ECe3年平均比淡水灌溉分别增加0.082 dS.m-1和0.131 dS.m-1。总体上2 g.L-1咸淡混合水灌溉对小麦、玉米的产量没有影响。因此从微咸水长期安全利用的角度,对土壤盐分动态进行长期监测,定期淡水淋盐是非常必要的。A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Hengshui and Quzhou experimental stations in the low plain of Hebei province to investigate the effects of border irrigation with 2 g·L-1 saline-fresh blending water on soil salt dynamics and yields of wheat and maize.The results showed that the irrigation with 2 g·L-1 saline water caused a significant salt accumulation at the principal root layer（0～40 cm） and 0～120 cm soil layer during the 3-year irrigation period.Compared with fresh water irrigation,the 3-year average soil ECe value under saline water irrigation in Hengshui and Quzhou was increased by 0.092 dS·m-1 and 0.091 dS·m-1 respectively at 0～40 cm root layer,and by 0.051 dS·m-1 and 0.147 dS·m-1 respectively at 0～120 cm soil layer after the harvesting of winter wheat;it was increased by 0.059 dS·m-1 and 0.127 dS·m-1 respectively at 0～40 cm root layer,and by 0.082 dS·m-1 and 0.131 dS·m-1 respectively at 0～120 cm soil layer after the harvesting of summer maize.On the whole,there was no significant difference in the yields of winter wheat and summer maize between the freshwater irrigation and the 2 g·L-1 saline water irrigation.So from the perspective of long-term safe use of the saline shallow groundwater to relieve the crisis of freshwater resources,the constant monitoring on soil salt dynamics and regular salt-leaching by freshwater irrigation is very essential.

关 键 词：微咸水灌溉 土壤盐分 小麦 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]