中国农业面源污染的困境摆脱与绿色转型  

To Get Rid of the Predicament and Green Transformation of Agricultural Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution

作　　者：金书秦[1] 沈贵银[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《改革》2013年第5期79-87,共9页Reform

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"基于农户技术选择视角的农业面源污染控制政策设计"(批准号:12CGL062);国家自然科学基金面上项目"环境目标约束下农户技术选择:个体行为与制度安排"(批准号:71273147);农业部2013年生态环境保护项目"生态农业发展政策:畜禽养殖废弃物及农业氮磷污染综合防治对策研究"

摘　　要：基于新制度经济学的理论框架,从制度的四个层面对我国农业面源污染的成因进行剖析:传统的环境友好农耕文化在短短几十年内被化学技术的迅速扩散所破坏;土地制度、农业发展政策都在一定程度上产生了破坏环境的非预期效果;小规模经营、种养分离使环境友好技术和行为的成本较高;市场因素和农户认知造成了化学物品的过度使用。为了适应来自农业自身和外部的绿色转型要求,农业面源污染的防治应当在技术扩散、政策调整、机构建设等方面作出努力。This paper conducts an analysis on the causes of China’s agricultural NPS pollution from four institutional levels based on the theoretical framework of New Institutional Economics（NIE）,and concludes that the traditional and environmental-friendly agricultural culture has been damaged by the rapid spread of so-called ‘Green Revolution’ within the past decades,land ownership issues and agricultural development policies exert unexpected damages to the environment to certain extent,small-scaled farming operation and separation of planting and livestock farming make the costs of adopting environmentally friendly technologies and behaviors relatively high,and market factors and farmers’ perception end up with excessive use of agricultural chemical products.To realize ecological agriculture,efforts to prevent and control of agricultural NPS pollution should be made in various aspects,such as greener technological diffusion,policy adjustment and organizational construction.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 农业环境保护 绿色转型 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]