甲醛对吊兰等植物细胞质膜相对透性和光合特性的影响  

Effect of Formaldehyde on Relative Permeability of Plasma Membrane and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Several Plants

作　　者：林丽仙[1] 李惠华[1] 张雪芹[1] 张庆美[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2013年第4期719-726,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2010J01241)

摘　　要：采用方差分析比较5种甲醛浓度[分别为Ⅰ(CK)、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ]对虎尾兰、吊兰、袖珍椰子、白鹤芋、常春藤细胞质膜相对透性和光合特性的影响。结果显示,质膜透性随着甲醛浓度增加而提高,Ⅱ处理对5种植物质膜相对透性影响不显著,Ⅲ处理对吊兰质膜相对透性影响不显著而对其他4种植物质膜相对透性影响极显著,Ⅳ、Ⅴ处理对5种植物质膜相对透性影响极显著;Ⅱ处理提高植物的净光合速率(Pn)、除常春藤外其他4种植物的蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间C02浓度(Ci),降低气孔限制值(Ls),植株生长良好,无受毒害症状;Ⅲ处理提高Ci,提高除了常春藤外其他4种植物的Pn、Tr和Gs,降低Ls,降低虎尾兰、吊兰、袖珍椰子的水分利用效率(WuE),虎尾兰、袖珍椰子、白鹤芋、常春藤植株长势一般,有轻微的受毒害症状,吊兰长势良好,无受毒害症状;Ⅳ、Ⅴ处理导致Pn下降,造成袖珍椰子、白鹤芋、常春藤的Tr和白鹤芋、常春藤的Gs下降。Ⅴ处理还引起虎尾兰、吊兰、白鹤芋的Ci下降和Ls提高,植株长势较差,有明显的受毒害症状。结果表明,虎尾兰、吊兰、袖珍椰子、白鹤芋、常春藤对甲醛的耐受力即阈值分别为1.335～2.367、2.370～5.150、1.374～2.523、1.326～2.287、1.354～2.482 mg/m3。The effects of formaldehyde with 5 concentrations（table 1：Ⅰ（CK）,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,from low to high） on relative permeability of plasma membrane and photosynthetic characteristics of 5 plants including Sansevieria thunb,Chlorophytum comosum,Chamaedorea elegans,Spathiphyllum floribundum and Hedera helix by variance analysis.The results showed that with the concentration of formaldehyde increasing,the permeability of membrane raised,and the Ⅱ treatment had not significant influence on relative permeability of the 5 plants;the Ⅲ treatment had not significant influence on relative permeability of Chlorophytum comosum,but had very significant influence on other 4 plants;the Ⅳ,Ⅴ treatments also had very significant influence on the 5 plants.Moreover,the Ⅱ treatment could raise Pn,and Tr,Gs,Ci of the 4 plants except Hedera helix,reduce Ls,with the plants growing fine without toxic-symptoms;the Ⅲ treatment could raise Ci,and Pn,Tr,Gs of the 4 plants except Hedera helix,decrease Ls,and WuE of Sansevieria thunb,Chlorophytum comosum,Chamaedorea elegans,with Sansevieria thunb,Chamaedorea elegans,Spathiphyllum floribundum and Hedera helix growing general,keeping slight toxic-symptoms,and Chlorophytum comosum growing fine without toxic-symptoms;the Ⅳ,Ⅴ treatments reduced Pn,and Tr of Chamaedorea elegans,Spathiphyllum floribundum and Hedera helix,Gs of Spathiphyllum floribundum and Hedera helix.Besides,the Ⅴ treatment also reduced Ci of Sansevieria thunb,Chlorophytum comosum and Spathiphyllum floribundum,increased Ls,with the plants growing not fine,keeping obvious toxic-symptoms.The threshold of Sansevieria thunb,Chlorophytum comosum,Chamaedorea elegans,Spathiphyllum floribundum and Hedera helix for formaldehyde was 1.335-2.367,2.370-5.150,1.374-2.523,1.326-2.287,1.354-2.482 mg/m3,respectively.

关 键 词：甲醛 细胞质膜相对透性 光合特性 植株长势 

分 类 号：S682.36[农业科学—观赏园艺]