城市地区危险气体扩散与人口暴露模拟  

Simulation on human exposure caused by dangerous gas dispersion in urban areas

作　　者：郑茂辉[1] 金敏[1] 韩新[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学上海防灾救灾研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（理工版）》2013年第3期287-293,共7页Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41001217);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAJ11B01)~~

摘　　要：以伦敦中心城区示踪气体扩散试验为例,对城市建筑群中危险气体的迁移扩散以及周边人口暴露风险进行数值模拟分析.通过计算流体力学模型和暴露模型的耦合,模拟街区尺度近地面气云扩散过程,结合地理信息系统和建筑物数据库估算受影响的人口及其潜在的暴露水平,求解建筑物周围的时变质量浓度和暴露剂量分布.近地面的质量浓度时间序列表明,气云扩散受建筑物和道路布局影响显著;泄漏停止后部分建筑物背风向和狭窄街段内质量浓度稀释滞后,可能对人群健康构成潜在威胁.An integrated approach incorporating computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model, exposure model, and geographic information system （GIS） is presented to predict the transfer and dispersion of dangerous gas, and estimate the exposed population in urban areas. A tracer gas experiment carried out in center London is simulated and analyzed. The results show that, given appropriate parameters, the CFD method coupled with a model of ex- posure is capable of predicting the time-varying concentrations and exposure levels around the complex arrange- ment of buildings, and the potentially affected population can also be roughly estimated using GIS and building database. The buildings and roads have important influence on the trajectory of the gas cloud near ground level. Significant amounts of cloud mass may stay longer in some building wakes or narrow street sections, which consti- tutes a threat to public health and safety.

关 键 词：大气污染 城市环境安全 危险气体 人口暴露 数值模拟 时变浓度 流体力学 地理信息系统 建筑物 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]