生活垃圾堆肥过程中恶臭物质分析  

Odor pollutants analyzing during municipal solid waste (MSW) composting

作　　者：张红玉[1,2] 李国学[2] 杨青原[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑材料科学研究总院/固废资源化利用与节能建材国家重点实验室,北京100041 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第9期192-199,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41075110;41275161);国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B01;2012BAD15B01)

摘　　要：恶臭污染已成为生活垃圾堆肥过程中的主要环境问题。以15~80mm粒径段的生活垃圾作为研究对象,利用嗅觉测定法和GC-MS分析了不同阶段堆肥尾气的臭气浓度和恶臭化合物的种类及其排放浓度,并对不同堆肥阶段臭气浓度和恶臭物质排放浓度的相关性进行分析。结果表明,垃圾堆肥过程中共检测到50种挥发性有机物,其中含硫恶臭物质5种,烃类化合物25种,芳香烃类化合物14种,其他物质6种。通过相关性分析,发现硫化氢、甲硫醚、二硫化碳、二甲二硫、1,3二甲基苯和邻二甲苯均与臭气浓度呈极显著相关（p〈0.01）,结合各恶臭物质的嗅阈值,15～80mm粒径段垃圾堆肥过程中恶臭物质优先控制的顺序为硫化氢〉甲硫醚〉二甲二硫〉二硫化碳〉1,3二甲基苯〉邻二甲苯。甲硫醇的嗅阈值非常低,即使其排放浓度很低,也会带来严重的臭气污染;NH3虽然对臭气浓度的贡献相对较小,但是其排放量很大,因此也应该对这2种恶臭物质进行重点监测和控制。该研究结果为生活垃圾堆肥过程中恶臭物质的监测、制定控制策略提供参考。Odor pollution caused by municipal solid waste （MSW） treatment plants has become a growing public concern. The 15-80 mm MSW fraction used in this study was collected from the Xiaowuji MSW pre-sorting station of Beijing. The 15-80 mm MSW consisted of 67% kitchen waste, 18% paper, 6% plastic, and 9% other wastes. The treatments were analyzed using a 60 L heat insulated composting vessel with forced aeration systems. The vessel was loaded with about 29 kg of 15-80 mm MSW, and controlled by the C-LGX program, which enables aeration to be controlled automatically by time or inside temperature. Aeration consisted of pumping ambient air into the reactor continuously at a rate of 0.2 L/kg.min dry matter. Odors were analyzed using a Model 5975N Gas Chromatography-Mass Selective Detector （Agilent Technologies, USA） coupled with an Entech 7890 Preconcentrator （Entech Instruments Inc., CA, USA）. An SOC-01 sampling device （Tianjin Dylan Auto Environmental Protection Sci-tech Company, Ltd. China） was used to collect the gas sample. Three-stage cryo-trapping was used to concentrate VCS’s in air samples before GC-MSD analysis. In the first stage, 50 mL air samples were drawn through a liquid nitrogen trap with glass beads at -150°C at a flow rate of 100 mL/min. After this, the first-stage trap was heated to 10°C and the trapped gases were transferred by 40 mL helium at a flow of 1.5 mL/min to a second-stage trap at -40°C. The second stage trap was then heated to 180°C, after which the thermally desorbed gases were transferred to a third-stage cryo-focusing capillary trap at -170°C by 30 mL helium at a rate of 1.5 mL/min. The cryo-focusing trap was then rapidly heated to 100°C and the VSC’s were finally transferred to the GC-MSD system for determination. For analysis, an HP-1 capillary column （60 m×0.32 mm×1.0 mm, Agilent Technologies, USA） was used with helium as the carrier gas. The GC oven temperature was initially set at -50°C, where it was held for 3 min, after which it was increased to 35°C

关 键 词：堆肥 监测 垃圾 恶臭污染物 优先控制 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]