红门川流域土地利用景观动态演变及驱动力分析  

Analysis on dynamic evolution and driving force of land-use landscape in Hongmenchuan basin

作　　者：赵阳[1] 余新晓[1] 贾剑波[1] 刘旭辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第9期239-248,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41171028);国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2011BAD38B05);国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201104005)

摘　　要：为探讨首都圈水源保护区土地利用景观演变过程及其驱动因素,以密云县红门川流域为研究对象,运用景观生态学、马尔科夫模型等方法研究流域景观动态演变,结合灰色GM(1,1)预测模型、主成分分析等方法从社会经济、自然条件与区域政策、人口3方面探讨了流域景观变化驱动力。结果表明:1990-2005年间,水域面积迅速减少和居民与工矿用地持续增加是流域景观格局变化的最明显特征;流域景观破碎度增加,不同景观类型斑块分布趋于聚集,斑块形状趋于复杂化;预测2020年流域水域面积较1990年减少67.5%,水域减少会加剧流域用水矛盾;2020年流域森林覆被率降至73.81%,但仍满足以水源涵养为目标的适宜森林覆盖率要求;降水减少是流域水域面积变化的主要原因;区域政策是林地结构发生变化的根本原因;而人口因素则是导致居民与工矿用地面积增加,未利用地、水域等向耕地转化的主要驱动力。研究结果可为该区域土地资源的可持续利用、开发和管理提供科学依据。Analysis of the land use and land cover changes （LUCC） and its driving factors in water conservation zones is essential for the development of sustainable water resource strategies. Miyun Reservoir is the most important drinking water source for Beijing Municipality, the capital of China with a population of more than 20 million.In recent decades,the inflow to the reservoir has shown a decreasing trend,which has seriously threatened the security of water use in Beijing. According to researches, LUCC is generally assumed to be responsible for changes in water yield of catchments. In order to explore the evolution process and driving factors of landscape changes in water source protection zones of the metropolitan area, Hongmenchuan watershed located in Miyun County was selected as the research object. The characteristics and the dynamic evolution of landscape patterns during 1990 to 2005 were analyzed by applying landscape ecological method and Markov model on the basis of the land use information from remote sensing. Combined with Grey forecast model of GM （1, 1） and the principal components analysis, the driving force of landscape changes were discussed from three aspects of the socio-economic, the natural conditions and regional policy and the population, respectively. Brief conclusions can be drawn as follows： major LULC changes in the period from 1990 to 2005 include declines of water area, and major increases in urban area. Moreover, the rapid reduction of water area and the continued increase of construction land were the most obvious features of the landscape changes in Hongmenchuan watershed during the period of 1990-2005. Changes of comprehensive dynamic degree of land use in different periods indicated that land use change rate showed an accelerated increasing trend. Landscape fragmentation increased significantly and patches distribution of various landscape types tend to be gathered, which lead to the patches shape more complicated. Based on the predictable results, the water area will be re

关 键 词：水源保护 土地利用 模型 马尔科夫模型 灰色GM(1 1)预测模型 景观指数 退耕还林工程 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]