炭基缓释花生专用肥对花生产量和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Charcoal-based Solow Release Peanut Specific Fertilizer Application on Peanut Yield and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：刘小虎[1] 赖鸿雁[1] 韩晓日[1] 杨劲峰[1] 蒋增[1] 于洪娇[1] 张昕欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁生物碳工程技术研究中心,沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第3期698-702,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系专项(nycytx-19,CARS-14);辽宁省高校创新团队支持计划项目(LT2010096)资助

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下研究炭基缓释花生专用肥对花生产量和土壤养分的影响。试验结果表明,施用炭基缓释花生专用肥花生产量明显高于其它施肥处理,增产作用明显,各处理间产量变化趋势为:炭基缓释花生专用肥处理(3808.54 kg hm-2)>NPK处理(3315.27 kg hm-2)>生物炭处理(2844.01 kg hm-2)>CK(1478.74 kg hm-2)。施用生物炭和炭基缓释花生专用肥区,在生育前期有明显的增温作用,土温升高有利于花生出苗,提高了花生的出苗率。炭基缓释花生专用肥施入后土壤中速效氮磷钾含量明显高于施用普通的氮磷钾肥,与普通氮磷钾相比铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别提高了4.8%和13%,速效磷含量提高了9%,速效钾含量提高了4.2%。从产量构成因素分析可以看出,施炭基缓释花生专用肥增产的原因主要是增加单株结果数、出仁率和果重。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of charcoal-based peanut specific fertilizer application on peanut yield and soil nutrients. The results showed that the treatment applied with charcoal-based peanut specific fertilizer had an obviously high yield than other treatments, and it increased the yield significantly. The order of their yields followed as： charcoal-based peanut specific fertilizer （3811.54 kg hm-2） 〉 NPK （3315.27 kg hm-2） 〉 biochar （2844.01 kg hm-2） 〉 CK （1478.74 kg hm-2）. The soil temperatures both in treatment of charcoal-based peanut specific fertilizer and charcoal carbon had significant warming effect than other treatments during the early growth stages, which resulted in a higher rate of emergence. The soil available N, P and K contents in treatment of charcoal-based peanut specific fertilizer were significantly higher than that in NPK, and the contents of NH4＋, NO3-, available P and available K increased 4.8%, 13%, 9% and 4.2%, respectively. It can be seen from the analysis of yield components that the charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer increased per plant yield, kernel percent and fruit weight.

关 键 词：炭基缓释花生专用肥 地温 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]