东南太平洋秋冬季智利竹筴鱼摄食习性的初步分析  

The primary study on the feeding ecology of Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi in the southeast Pacific during autumn and winter periods

作　　者：张衡[1,2] 张胜茂[1] 王雪辉 唐峰华[1] 杨胜龙[1] 化成君[1] 何宗会[1] 马海有[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2013年第2期161-167,共7页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放基金项目(LSF2012-01)资助;国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2012AA092301)

摘　　要：根据2009年3～6月对东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus murphyi)渔获进行随机取样,对其胃含物的饵料组成、重量、摄食等级和摄食习性等进行了初步分析。结果表明,智利竹筴鱼主要以鱼类[IRI(%)=93.20]为食,其次为磷虾类[IRI(%)=6.76]和柔鱼类[IRI(%)=0.03],偶见水母和桡足类。从胃含物组成的重量百分比来看,鱼鳞比例最大(占79.83%),其次为磷虾类(16.59%),柔鱼类也占一定的比例。从出现频次来看,鱼鳞出现次数最多(占95.28%),其次为磷虾类(52.83%)和鱼鳍鳍条(40.09%),偶见未消化完的鱼卵、磷虾眼睛和柔鱼类等。平均饱满指数各月份波动不大,除4月稍有降低外,基本呈逐渐增加趋势。摄食等级除了4月和5月不存在显著性差异外(P>0.05),其余月份存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。在叉长组为150～250 mm(幼鱼阶段)时,智利竹筴鱼摄食等级为0的个体比例很高,均值为45%;而随着叉长的增大(301～500 mm叉长组,成鱼阶段),摄食等级为0的个体比例显著下降,平均值为9.7%。在叉长组为150～250mm时,胃含物组成类别较少,仅发现鱼鳞、鱼卵和磷虾3类。在叉长组为301～500 mm时,胃含物的种类组成复杂和多样化。受到取样条件不易和胃含物部分或完全消化的鉴定困难,本研究今后在样品收集和种类鉴定方面还需进一步深入,以期更好地掌握智利竹筴鱼摄食生态方面的规律。Based on the survey data about Trachurus murphyi fishery in southeast Pacific ocean during autumn and early winter in 2009, the prey composition, weight, feeding level and feeding ecology characters were analyzed. The results showed that the stomach items were mostly fish （Index of Relatively Important, IR1 （ % ） = 93.20）, followed by krill （ IRI（ % ） = 6.76 ） and squid （/RI（%） =0. 03） and some jellyfish or Copepoda. As for the percentage of weight of prey, fish scale was the highest （79.83%）, followed by krill （16.59%）, and then squid. The occurrence percentage of fish scale was the highest （95.28%）, followed by krill （52.83%） and fin ray （40.09%）, and some indigested eggs, krill eyes and squids. There was a gradual increasing trend in monthly mean stomach fullness index from March to June, except for April. It was found that there was no significant difference in feeding classes between April and May （ P 〉 0.05 ） , while there were obvious differences in other months （P 〈0. 05 ）. The percentage of feeding level 0 was obviously higher （mean value = 45% ） in young fishes （Fork length classes, FLc = 150 -250 mm） than that （mean value = 9.7% ） in adult fishes （FLc = 301 -500 mm）. We found that the stomach content of juveniles were only fish scale, egg and krill. With the increasing fork lengths, the stomach content of adult fishes （FLc = 301 -500 mm） were complicated and various. We need to collect more samples and accurately identify the prey species to better grasp the rules of feeding ecology of Chilean jack mackerel, considering the difficulty in sampling and identification of prey.

关 键 词：东南太平洋 智利竹筴鱼 胃含物 摄食生态 鱼类 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]